Sample Assignment of Contract

Sample assignment of contract is a particular document, which allows assigning certain rights and obligations to the individual or a group of people. An accurately issued paper may become a valuable protection of one partner’s rights and responsibilities; it also encourages a fruitful cooperation and helps to avoid various misunderstanding in further partnership. Having a correct sample assignment of contract means being ready to establish an official business relationship, as soon, as it is required. It is necessary to include the certain points to the document in order to cover the most meaningful issues; thus, the contract structure and its basic details formulate a decent template to make an agreement. Assignment of Contract #345 For value received, the undersigned Assignor (Mr. Wells) hereby assigns, transfers and sets over to Mr. Stevenson all rights, title and interest held by the Assignor in and to the following described contract: Mr. Wells assigns Mr. Stevenson his place on the board of directors of the â€Å"Future† travelling agency along with all the following responsibilities, mentioned in the corporate manual â€Å"The Code of Conduct for the â€Å"Future† Employees†. Also, the Assignee receives a direct financial income, taking into account the bonuses and fines, mentioned in the same manual. As one of the board directors, he also receives a right to vote on the boards and staff meeting, and a right to participate in the Annual International Tourism Business Conference â€Å"The benefits of the pro-poor tourism† as a competent board director representing the â€Å"Future† travelling agency. The Assignee takes the post at once the contract is fully signed by both parties and gives the post away on December 31, 2020. Therefore, the Assignee does not have to receive a consent prior of the Assigner’s general approving in any form. The Assignor has a right to call this contract off, in case the Assignee poorly performs the responsibilities assigned, and other competent members of the board directors’ team of â€Å"Future† traveling agency prove this fact. The Assignee does not have a right to refuse of his assigned obligations and rights before December 31, 2020 (if his health is not under a threat); otherwise, he has to pay the fine. The sizes of the fine are determined as the 50% of the received income (without taxes counted) for the period of being a board director. If the Assignee occurs to be not capable of performing the responsibilities assigned for reasons of health, the â€Å"Future† travelling agency is to hold the elections and choose a decent substitute for the post. In the case of Mr. Stevenson’s disease, the â€Å"Future† travelling agency is obliged to provide him with the decent medical treatment and medical insurance to cover all the treatment expenses. Both the Assignor and the Assignee own the copies of this Assignment of Contract and may use it for the purpose of signing another business related documents. July 31st, 2017 Signature Assignor: Mr. Jared Collin Wells Signature Assignee: Mr. Bradley Luke Stevenson

Government Internet Censorship of China - 1195 Words

Government Internet Censorship of China The Internet is also called â€Å"Information superhighway† because of the limitless amount of data that one person can access from it. The fact is not all of us can access the Internet like what it is. There are many roadblocks on the superhighway in form of â€Å"Internet Censorship†. There are several kinds of motivations for censorship. It ranges from keeping children away from undesirable content to a government control of nation’s access of information. In China, the internet censorship is especially strong. According to the study of Chinese Internet censorship by OpenNetInitiative â€Å"China operate the most extensive, technologically sophisticated, and broad-reaching system of Internet filtering in the word†(OpenNetInitiative 2005). In this essay, I want to write about how the â€Å"Internet censorship† working in China and why China government is running such strong regulations controlling internet. Internet has arrived in China since 1994. Because of the importance of the internet for China’s global economic competitiveness, leaders of China had no choice but open this window. This is not the first time China opening itself to the world. Since the policy of â€Å"reform and opening up† began by Deng Xiaoping, China has opened it’s door to foreign trade and investment. At that time, they managed to ensure the rise of new commercial class was not accompanied by political change. One of Deng’s favourite saying was: â€Å"If you open the window forShow MoreRelatedInternet Censorship in China Essay937 Words   |  4 Pagesamong numerous other sites, regularly. The internet is open and uncensored for the most part, other than parental controls. In China, most, if not all of those types of sites are or have been blocked. As in, you could not go to them, unless you found some way around the web filters and firewalls the Chinese government runs in their c ountry. While China defends their practice of internet censorship, based on â€Å"protecting† the people, heavy internet censorship is a block to free speech and impedes economicRead MoreEssay on Censorship in China907 Words   |  4 PagesChina is one of the most controlled countries in the world. The Chinese constitution states that the people of China have freedom of speech, of the press, and of demonstration. However, this article in the constitution also states that the Chinese government has the authority to censor anything in the country when freedom of speech or of press could potentially be harmful to the country. So, in China, you are free to speak, but only about what the government says is okay to talk about. Also, protestingRead MoreThe American Government s Involvements And Influences On The Internet1619 Words   |  7 Pagesinvolvements and influences in the Internet compare to Chinese government? Thesis: The United States’ government had played the most important role of developing Internet, and did a great contribution certainly. However, Chinese government had a very different attitudes with American government for Internet at last century when Internet started developing because of some domestic factors. Later, Chinese government changed its attitudes and behaviors. The Internet began developing so fast and playedRead MoreInternet Censorship Essay1329 Words   |  6 PagesInternet Censorship Used Around The World Some people wonder who came up with the idea of internet censorship. Other people want to know which countries use it. Some ponder over the idea of what really is internet censorship. Internet censorship is controlling what can be viewed, and which sites can be used on the internet. Some things about internet censorship are countries that use it, and who started the idea of it. There are lots of countries that use internet censorship. A few of them are ChinaRead MoreThe Disadvantages Of Censorship In China1459 Words   |  6 Pages Censorship is the suppression or prohibition of any parts of books, films, news, etc. that are considered obscene, politically unacceptable, or a threat to security. There are good reasons why censorship is used, such as some information might have to be censored for the content it might display and which in turn might cause a disturbance in peace. Countries try not abuse the fact they are allowed to do this because they are the ones who create the rules. However, China is abusing this fact andRead MoreNegative Effects Of Internet Censorship791 Words   |  4 PagesInternet censorship is controlling the content that can be viewed on the internet. It is all around us and you may not even realize that you have encountered it, whether it has been at school or work. In school, you are not allowed to access certain websites and sear ch results may be filtered. Schools do this to keep harmful content from the students, but it also limits research. When you are at work, your employer does not want you looking at inappropriate websites or things that may distract youRead MoreGovernments Censoring Internet Content1490 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper explores the pros and cons of government involvement in controlling the content of the Internet. Everyday technology is getting more sophisticated, meaning that nowadays it is easy to explore about a certain issue via online connection and be near the world. In the present, as long as you have Internet connection, you have the ability to have access to all kind of information that is posted on Internet. There is a huge debate whether internet should be regulated or not, and this is exceptedRead MoreChapter 2 Closing Case Essay893 Words   |  4 Pagesstance toward Internet search in China consistent with its mission? Google’s stance toward internet search in China is not consistent with its mission. Google’s mission of making the world’s information universally acceptable and useful are present at Google in China even though they are censoring. The service is still there. Even though the Chinese initially blocked them, they were convinced that the 400 million internet users in the Chinese market needed them and they need China. (Lee, 2014)Read MoreEssay On Breaking Through The Great Firewall1304 Words   |  6 PagesFirewall of China Within the United States, the first amendment, freedom of speech includes the cyber-web. However, the government may try to examine personal information to protect its citizens from planned terroristic activities. Even so, these terrorists are allowed to say whatever they want, but it does not mean it will be ignored and not taken as a literal threat by the government. Throughout other parts the world, however, countries rely on communicating through means of the internet as waysRead MoreThe Censorship Of The Government In The Chinese Government1070 Words   |  5 Pagessuccessful in the country of China by instilling fear in their citizens to follow the communist beliefs and be closed off to democratic societies. The Chinese government has successfully blocked out information such as the Taiwanese Independence and information of about the 1989 killings in Tiananmen Square (Rauhala 2016). They believe that this creates a â€Å"healthy internet† however this policy only impede s free speech. They believe that this creates a â€Å"healthy internet† however this policy only impedes

How to Make a Cup of Tea free essay sample

[pic] â€Å"How to make a cup of tea† Submitted to: Md. Daud Ali Lecturer of English Department of English Submitted by: Ferzana Tanzim Emu Class: Roll no: Section: Date of submission 30. 09. 09 [pic] How to Make a Cup of Tea Many of you out there dont know how to make a cup of tea. I have mastered the art of making a cup of tea. I now share this with you, my loyal reader. First, you need fresh water. Pour out the water in the kettle. Pour in some fresh water. Place the kettle on the stove gets the heat going on till the water is boiled. You will need a teapot, a cup, a strainer, a teaspoon, and your favorite tea. Good tea does not come in tea bags. Good teas are loose and keep in a sealed container tin. I get my tea from Taza. They have the good stuff. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Make a Cup of Tea or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Now here is the tricky part. You need to measure out a heaping teaspoon of tea and put it in the strainer holder. Isnt it amazing that the teaspoon holds exactly the right amount of tea for a cup of tea. If you are making more than one cup of tea, then you should put in one teaspoon per cup. Some people like to use teabags to skip all this, but that would be wrong. Next, you need to warm up your teapot. You want to make sure that the hot water used to brew your tea stays hot. To ensure this, you want to warm up  the teapot with a little hot water before you begin to brew. Just swish it around the teapot for a few seconds and then dump it out. The teapot should feel warm. Now you are ready to put the tea in the pot. Just dump it in. Now pour in the hot water. About a cup more that you are going to drink. The tea is now steeping in the pot. I let mine steep for about a minute. Too long, and the tea will be quite bitter. Use a small strainer to catch the tea leaves before they enter your cup. The cooking is complete. If desired, you can use sugar, zinger, and lemon, among many other variations. You have successful made a cup of tea. All thats left is to sit down and enjoy your tasty tea.

Practica Essay Example

Practica Essay Practica A. Answer the following questions. These answers can be found in the video. 1. Describe the life of Cesar and his family. He has two older sisters a mother and grandmother. One sister is a substitute; the other is in college but only goes on Saturday. Their mother is a pharmacist and Cesar wants to be an electrician. They speak Spanish and there native Mayan Indian language. 2. Why is the market so important in their city? The market is important because it always has food and gives people money, jobs, and helps bring tourist. 3. What is the major craft of Guatemala? -The major craft in Guatemala are things like pottery, sewing and embroidering. 4. What type of school does Cesar attend? What are the courses offered there? He attends a school that’s helps with what you would need to know to get a job. They offer courses to help you get a job to be an electrician, sew and farm. 5. How does Cesar generally spend his time outside of school? When Cesar is not in school h e likes to ride his bike or read and help around the house or even visit his grandmother and pick fruit. 6. What foods do he and his family eat a lot of? He and his family eat a lot of black beans and tortillas. 7. Describe what they do to prepare for Carnival in their city? -To prepare for a carnival they decorate egg shells. B. Where I live it is always pretty humid but rains every now and then, in Chichicastenango it is fry for a while then rains a lot on a row. Where I live we have lots of electricity and running water. Where Cesar lives there is not much electricity only about two light bulbs per house, unless you have the money to pay for more. Where I live we celebrate Easter like in Chichicastenango but we do not usually break egg shells on people’s heads. My goals are different because I would like to travel the world one day and he wants to be an electrician. I think our lifestyles are very different because of our culture background and what we do in our day but we do have some things in common like going to school, riding my bike, reading, and doing homework. We will write a custom essay sample on Practica specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Practica specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Practica specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Ethical Audit Report of Tesco free essay sample

According to Mamoria (2010), business ethics is defined as the businessmans integrity so far as his conduct or behaviour is concerned in all fields of business as well as towards the society and other businesses. Thus, the conduct or behaviour by businessman towards the society or others may have some conflicts and contradictions. The intention of this report is to highlight what and why the incidents happened. The incidents include the employment of illegal workers, price fixing, and poor product quality. All these incidents tend to spoil the corporate’ image of the company and also bring harmful effect to the communities and other stakeholders. So, Tesco took action by compensating to the victims, restructured corporate management system for better performances, and provided training programme and learning course for the employee. The ethical theories applicable to Tesco include Ethics of Justice, Ethics of Duty, and Feminist Ethics, which will also be discussed in this report. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Audit Report of Tesco or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In addition, the organization’s best practices and values such as corporate social responsibility and protecting the environment will also be discussed for the close up of this report. 1. 1 Background of Tesco Tesco, one of the largest retailers in the world started its business in 1919. The Founder, Jack Cohen started a grocery stall in East End of London. He made a profit of ? 1 from sales of ? 4 on his first day. After 5 years, in 1924. Mr. Cohen bought a shipment of tea from Mr. T. E. Stockwell where the â€Å"Tesco† brand first appearance. Tesco expanded its business to petrol station in 1974, and became the UK’s largest independent petrol retailer. It generated a total sales topped ? 1bn and doubled up to ? 2bn in 1982. In order to overtake the UK’s leading grocer in 1990, Tesco made an aggressive marketing campaign to open more stores to gain its businesses. In 2000, Tesco continued to expand its business by product range from clothes to electrical and personal finance products when Tesco. com was launched (www. telegraph. co. uk). For more detail on its corporate background, kindly refer to Appendix I. 2. 0 Ethical Dilemmas Ethics in general and ethics in business are very intimate to one another. Therefore ones personal ethics cannot be completely separated from ones business or organizational ethics. If you are a man of principles, then you are more inclined to insist on high moral standards in your business and organizations (Gavai, 2010). No matter how strong the corporate policy and system, ethical dilemmas still exist as everyone is looking for their own interest. Tesco, one of the biggest retailers in worldwide also faces the same problems such as illegal workers, price fixing and poor product quality. . 1 Illegal Workers Tesco was caught for hiring 30 illegal workers who were foreign students at one of its warehouses. These students were from 11 different nationalities; mostly Bangladeshi and Indian origins were alleged for working up to 3? times longer than their allowed working hour in visa permit (www. visabureau. com). They worked as much as 50 hours extra than the allowed hours of 20 hours per week. This incident happened after the UK border Agency enforcement team visited their factory on July 2012 in Croydon (www. immigrationmatters. co. uk). The retailer took responsibilities by giving corporation to the investigation as they insisted they did not condone illegal working (www. telegraph. co. uk). Anyhow, employees were considered the victims in this incident as they had not been protected by the company’s employment rules, where they were forced to work for extra hours. They faced big losses such as inability to further education and having a work-life balance. Employer did not protect for employee welfare, they abused employee right to work extra which prompted to product high productivity, maximize the profit margin by saving cost of employee salary. Supplier played a key role in this scenario, as it was the only party to transform information between the employers and the employee while in the process of recruitment. In fact, there was wrong information sending either to the employer or the employee. 2. 2 Price Fixing Tesco was accused in the scandal of the pricing fixing on its dairy products such as cheese and milk. The consumers from the Office of Fair Trading in UK reported that Tesco had charged them an additional of approximately ? 270M between years 2002-2003. The huge amount was accumulated from 3 pence extra for a pint of milk, 15 penny extra for each quarter-pound of butter and the same amount per half-pound of cheese for every single purchased together with another 8 firms were implicated in the collusion (www. dailymail. co. uk). They were caught by breaching the competition act in synchronising the increased price with other competitors for certain dairy products. However, Tesco’s competitors had admitted and OFT had been given discount on the fined amount as they had given cooperation in the investigation. When the corporations did not practice fair competition which comply with the competition law, consumers were the victims because they did not protect in fair trading. This is clearly a strong violation of consumers’ rights (www. savistamagazine. com). Shareholders in the corporations basically earned extra profits in this scenario. Whereas, this practices was not encouraged as they must obey the corporate law which was stated in the Corporate Governance. Government department plays a key role in this embarrass scenario; their intention was to protect the consumers. Their penalty towards the corporations sent a clear signal to them not to violate consumers’ rights. In fact, families in UK suffering big loss of expensed extra for the daily goods in unknowingly. They should be protected under the fair trading policy which ensured them to trade in worthiness. 2. 3 Poor Product Quality Tesco also received a punishment from the Bracknell Magistrate Court for selling 127 outdated foods in the Martins Heron branch on May 2011. The foods included beef-burgers, ham and chocolate cheesecake. This incident happened when a girl fell sick after consuming chargrilled chicken pasta salad. This prompted Bracknell Forest Trading Standards officers to investigate the matter after receiving the complaint. The officers found that the foods had expired for 16 days during a visit to the store (www. getreading. co. uk). Trading Standards officers commented this matter as the â€Å"worst case of out-of- date product† that they had ever seen (www. mirror. co. uk). The irresponsible behavior acted by the management of Tesco was strongly affected to the public health. It also brought suffer to the consumers from physically and mentality. The shareholders were also facing lost when the management was careless in managing the stocks. Besides the above, Tesco was discovered for selling 100 expired food products which included yoghurts, fruit smoothies, soup, gravy, vegetable pakoras, packaged salad, pasta bowls, samosa and bhaji snack packs and guacomole dip. These items were past their sell-by-dated of between 1 to 17 days. The occurrence was engaged by a manager who had 20 years experience but his first time to manage the largest store chain, Tesco Extra. Shoppers had complaint about the poor problems to the Coventry City Council and the trading standards officers had proven the issues after their raids at the branch in Gielgud Way, Walsgrave in November 2009 (www. oventrytelegraph. net) 3. 0 Actions taken to solve these dilemmas According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary, dilemmas are situations or problems where a person has to make a difficult choice; an ethical dilemma is a problem where a person has to choose between a moral and an immoral act (smallbusiness. chron. com). Dilemma occurrences in the workplace are common and action taken to solve them is very important, whereas theory of ethics can be applied as guidelines which may bring the moral decision. 3. 1 Reinforce in recruitment and management system Tesco was fined for a total of ? 15,000 by UK Border Agency (UKBA) for 23 students, of various nationalities who had breached the visa working terms (www. telegraph. co. uk). UKBA was reflecting UK government’s intention into act which has promised to overwhelm on visa abuse. The 23 individuals were not permitted to enter UK again (www. visabureau. com). The Britain’s biggest supermarket had ensured that the incident in this nature will never happen again. One of the executive had been laid off after the lacklustre performance (www. telegraph. co. uk). Tesco was a founder member of Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI). They searched employee with high standard by applying the ETI base code which included; no exploitation of child labour, working hours not exceeding (20 hours per week for foreign workers) and regular employment is provided (www. tesco. ie). However, the government had carried out a good job by taking serious action against any employers who had breached the visa working terms. After the fined it brought a â€Å"warning† to the competitors and simultaneously as a reminder to them to have good ethical practice while in competition. Nobody is allowed to breach the rules in order to obtain success in competition. In addition, after UKBA taken action against the employer, the rest employees will enjoy the benefits which to work in regularly, fair treated, feel protected and concerned by the government. Employer was ensured that the management system been improved after laid off an employee who made mistake. Employer was informed to put employee’s welfares as priority. 3. 2 Defending the rights Tesco was slapped with the fined of ? 10m for price-fixing of its dairy products by the Office of Fair Trading (OFT) in 2011 after seven years of investigation. However, they threatened to fight back by taking legal action against OFT to defend themselves. The company claimed they were â€Å"surprised and dismayed† with the fined and strongly denied with any collusion in changing pricing detail with each other via the dairy processors. Tesco stand at its point vigorously and throughout the court. However, it had urged the government to deprive OFT of its power to investigate and punish firms under the competition act (www. mirror. co. uk). The intention of OFT was to alert the industries that the competition laws was enforced in ensuring the shopper in a fair trade condition. Hence, after the punishments were sent, it was ensure that the competition was maintained under the competition laws. Furthermore, competitors were only able to divulge information to each other via dairy suppliers. Suppliers were also not been honest in this incident. Suppliers did not bear responsibility of providing high quality products with reasonable prices where the consumers are able enjoy the benefits. Thus, suppliers being fined by the OFT were considered reasonable. No matter how the employer wanted to fight back with OFT, they had to pay the fine and settled it in the fastest way where to stop any embarrassing matters to affect their sales figure. At the same time, the costly and time consuming case might affect the expense of both taxpayer and business as well. So the fine paid has benefitted the consumers which bring fairness of their trading. 3. 3 Compensations After Tesco had admitted selling of outdated food, it was fined by the Bracknell Magistate Court for ? 12,000, and ? 15,000 in legal fees and a ? 15 victim surcharge. The Charges were related to 88 types of food which were put on shelves for sales. Tesco had to bear for the penalty as they knew that selling of out-date-food brought harm to the public health (www. tutorcare. o. uk). In order not to repeat their mistake, they were reinforced through staff training at the Bracknell store to ensure all the processes undergone strict quality control and the procedures were complied. Customers are the cause and purpose of every business. A business is supposed to serve them satisfactorily (Gavai, 2010). According to Tesco Corporate responsibility, they were running local s upplier programme for the purpose of getting fresh and quality products. Therefore, the company had to enforce the programme to ensure it was running smoothly and the supplier complied with it. Employers had to bear the responsibility for the incident where there was serious problem in the management. The accused significantly spoiled the corporate image and reputation which cause the sales figure to drop. However, the employers had made a right decision for admitting the mistake and paid compensation. It significantly showed that Tesco was applying the Ethics of Justice. According to Plato (2010), justice is an order and a beauty of the parts of a whole. Justice is effective coordination. It is an effective harmony of the whole. Ethics of justice can be defined as what is right and what is wrong in clear and precision. It was related to the notion of fairness. When a person is been treated unequally or deprived from what he deserved, then he was treated with injustice. Tesco realized that treating someone injustice was an immoral action, so they pledged guilty and paid fined which tend to bring fairness to the consumers as to determine this action on the criterion of rightness, which is one of the concepts in Ethics of Justice as well. Furthermore, Tesco was fined for ? 33,400 for 43 charges of selling 100 out-of-date foods at a hearing in Coventry Magistrates Court and a further of 94 charges after considering their sentenced. However, some shareholders of Tesco were present in court to show their seriousness of this matter and their concern on the case. They pledged guilty on the charges and their managers were laid off and two other employees were being disciplined (www. lacors. gov. uk). Employees had th e responsibility to carry out their job by following the corporate system. Some of the mistakes were not being tolerated and it has brought harm to the public health. The Coventry council was pleased with the results as the sentenced brought a warning to other competitors in the same industry that the government had stand at their point for the communities was appreciated. 4. 0 Best Practices and Values According to Donald, White and Bedner (2010), value is a concept of the desirable, an internalized criterion or standard of evaluation a person possesses. Such concepts and standards are relatively few and determine or guide an individuals evaluation of many objects encountered in everyday life. Values are tinged with moral flavour involving an individuals judgement of what is good, right or desirable. Tesco has practiced several communities’ works as a return to the society and tried to deliver values to them. Corporate social responsibility is in the interest of business because, by contributing to social change, it can create a better environment for its own transactions, thereby developing business while being socially responsibly (Rendtorff and Dahl, 2009). 4. 1 Communities Works Tesco plays a vital role in the local communities by supporting them actively without preconditions. They wanted to have a good relationship with the communities in which they operated. The fundamental condition that Tesco can provide to the communities is providing good quality, affordable foods and goods, and offering job to the unemployment. Besides that, they are listening and responding to the local communities for their needs and values, carrying out the issues that matter to them positively, and improve the local area by providing lasting contributions. They regularly set up a new store in the area where the retailers or businesses had been neglected. Tesco also launched a Regeneration Partnership Programs in UK where Tesco was proud as this prompted to providing job opportunities to the long term unemployment. In May 2012, they had their first launched store under the regeneration program in Hungary at Debrecen. Hiring 100 unemployed and providing 42 with courses organized by Regional Labour Centre helped them to readjust in their routine of daily work. Tesco also gathered the local communities in a centre point for them to interact. In Turkey, Tesco Kipa Family Club offered Cooking class, Dancing class, chess and learning English Class to their 60,000 members. In addition, Tesco had over 100 schools of Extended Class in South Korea to let the customers and families to attend Arts and English Class. Presently, Tesco had over 750 communities champion working into the communities which communicated with the communities effectively. They were organizing activities such as Healthy Eating to the primary school and local school children, charity event by collection or bag packing, and also asking the staff and customers to join the events like Race for Life (www. tescoplc. com). Without doubt, values to the communities such as responsibility, accountability, concern and unity had contributed absolutely by Tesco. â€Å"Value† so understood is a very broad category. It includes all sorts of things, from personal desire like health or a sense of humor to social ideals like wealth or liberty (Weston, 2010). They are responsible to the communities by giving them quality product in affordable prices. In addition, they were giving values of accountability by organizing learning class for the communities to gain their knowledge and interests. Tesco is also concerned about the communities of the unemployment, giving priority to the unemployed for job opportunities which also gave them better future and better life. Unity of the communities is very important in local area, Tesco provided a platform for the communities to communicate, interact and work together. They looked forward that every business and store were valued by the communities as they were trying hard to give interest to the communities. Tesco contributed a lot of times and fund to the community works. This demonstrates the application of Ethics of Duty. According to Kant (2010), a duty is obligatory and one has to do his duty regardless of any situation. Most of the time duty implies an action that one is expected to do as a part of society which may be neither for self-satisfaction nor for immediate happiness. Tesco knew what their prime duty to the communities was. Having a good thought is not enough but must in action. An action with potential concern showed their responsibility to the communities. 4. 2 Protecting Environment Protecting the environment is one of the important missions set by Tesco. The only way to deal with it was reducing the impact on the environment, including water and energy usage. All the suppliers have to follow the program with Tesco by reducing carbon footprint on the product and manage the water usage in all the store chain. The mission to be achieved is to become a zero-carbon business by 2050. Achieving a mission is not only in planning but practice. Tesco has converted over 100 stores to natural refrigeration across the corporate. The project in Kenya for the Lake Naivasha water stewardship helped to reduce water pollution and raised the water levels, replace transportation from lorries to rail transport which saved 15,000 tonnes of CO2e per year. Tesco had also collaborated with Unilever to create awareness amongst customers of sustainable product choices; more than 10,000 customers were advised to reduce their water footprint in Turkey. Tesco practiced by reducing in packaging and minimizing waste in their dairy operation which helped to reduce the impact on the environment. Reducing waste was the priority plan for Tesco. They used a market-leading store ordering system which helped to predict what each store chain will sell, this minimized waste of food accurately before it reached their customers. The programmes of minimizing the store’s operational waste started running since 2009 throughout the world’s store chain. They did not send any wastage from the UK store to the landfill. If the wasted were unable to recycle then it will be converted into other sources of energy. In China, cardboard and wasted oil in the stores had been fully recycled. In Poland, in order to increase the rate of recycling, they have conducted an audit of waste segregation in stores. In Malaysia, they encouraged the employees to recycle by launching a weekly league table to record who recycled the most. In US, they sent their waste food to the food bank for those who needed to reduce the wastage. And lastly in Slovakia, they donated the waste food the Hunter’s association for feeding animals. The materials used for product packing were the lightest weight and sustainable and also gave opportunities for recycling. Since 2007, Tesco have reduced the packaging of own-brand product more than 15% in UK, which included cutting glass usage by 420 tonnes annually when producing their own label Champagne. They also changed traditional packaging of toys to new packaging reduction technique that brought 15% reduction. In UK, Tesco also has commitments with WRAP’s Courtauld 2 (Waste and Resource Action Programme) to reduce the packaging waste by 2012. The commitments included the reduction of weight, recycled content of grocery packaging to be increased, rates of recycling to be increased, and carbon impact to be lowered by 10%, reduction of 4% for the UK household food and drink, and reduction of 5% for the products and packaging waste in the supply chains (www. tescoplc. com). Caring for the environment brings value of duty, love, hope, and comfort. Tesco has carried out their duty towards the society by committing on wastage reduction. All the resources taken from the earth and environment were fully utilized and the balances were recycled. This duty is belonging to everyone; therefore Tesco has taken it into priority. Tesco also showed the values of love. In terms of loving the earth, loving the environment, and loving each others in the world by saving the resources such as water. Human being is unable to live without water. Tesco knew the seriousness so they ran several programmes on reducing the usage of water. Tesco is giving Hope to the society as well, saving resources in order to prevent resources shortage, and climate changing. Value of hope is generating with these practices to the people. Living in harmony and secure which may concern for the next generation as well. With the clean environment, the values of comfort arise and the people can feel that they are living in a peaceful world. This is the main objective achieved by Tesco. A comfort lifestyle may bring positive thinking to the people, staying with tolerance and forgiveness. Tesco has significantly practiced ethical theory of right for the programme. According to William Sbaw (2010), a right is an entitlement to act or have other acts in a certain way. Everyone has a right in doing certain action and simultaneously expecting others not to deprive its right. However, others also possess a right to disagree to the action, but they cannot dismiss it. Tesco promoted the protecting environment programme and has prompted to let the communities knew that they had the right to live harmony. Right and Duty are correlated as that our prime duty is to protect the rights of people (Gavai, 2010). Tesco has the duty of giving fairness to the society and the communities have the right to enjoy the fair treatment. 5. Conclusion Business ethics is important for a corporate because it brings significant benefits and advantages. Corporation with good business ethics prompt to have good image and reputation in the market, which assist to create market awareness and promote sales easily. Furthermore, a corporation best practice such as corporate social responsibility is also very crucial which to protect the employees and communities’ welfare, c orporation may enjoy benefits for itself also because a good corporate social responsibility may create loyalty of an employee. A loyal and committted employee will stay with the corporation constantly and increase productivity, which can reduce labour turnover as well. Whereas, Tesco, as one of the biggest retailers in the world, which cover business internationally (refer Appendix II for International business Chart), they realize the importance of these and working hard to practice good ethical behavior, create value for the communities and providing moral decision to settle the ethical dilemma to ensure the stakeholder and communities can enjoy the benefits.

How to Write a Conclusion for a Presentation on Exchange Systems in the United States

How to Write a Conclusion for a Presentation on Exchange Systems in the United States You are either on this page because you would like to learn more about writing material for a presentation or know more about the topic of exchange systems and the part they play in the United States’ economic system. Whatever the reason may be, one thing is certain; you would not be disappointed. Therefore to delve into today’s subject matters, let us start with a brief explanation of the terms ‘exchange systems and economics in the US’ so as to create the perfect background needed to understand the tips provided below. Exchange systems are the methods in which trade is made. This systems could include barter or the use of currency- as is done officially in the US- as a means of paying for goods or services rendered. Economics discusses the factors that affect trade and come into play when exchanging an item for a product. Now, there are diverse details, facts and figures contained in the role they play in the United States therefore to write a mind blowing conclusion for your presentation, one must have full control of the information contained in the entire presentation. Be Knowledgeable about the Subject Matter The technical nature involved with exchange systems and economics means acquiring knowledge on them is a task that cannot be taken likely. You, the student, is tasked with reading journals, opinion pieces and studying the facts behind the US economy so as to have a well-rounded knowledge of the United States floating exchange rate system, its GDP, what makes up its GDP as well as economic facts and effects on the American population. This knowledge will stand you in good stead when summarizing the contents contained in your introduction and the body of your presentation to make up your concluding paragraphs. Understand What the Conclusion Is All About To write a great conclusion, you need to understand your subject matter as well as what a conclusion consists of and why it is important to include one in your presentation. A concluding statement or paragraph is not just a way to let your audience know that you are done with presenting your message. It is more like a summary of every question asked and the corresponding solution given, written in fewer words and in a clear format that finally seals the knowledge contained in your entire presentation in the brains of audience members. Therefore, the conclusion must be well articulated, free of any extra facts or statistics so it stays on course will be remaining brief. Render the Conclusive Message Most presentations are presented using spoken word and if yours fall into this category, then you must draft a concluding message which will serve as pointers or reminders while you speak on exchange systems in the United States. Therefore, the information to be written down should concern an explanation on the questions raised and the answers or solution you provided throughout the body of your presentation. This briefly outlined texts will also ensure that your audience do not focus unnecessarily on the information in your PowerPoint slides but on the stirring concluding speech you have planned out. Lastly, practice makes perfect. So ensure you eliminate jitters, stage fright and temporary memory loss by practicing in front of a made-up audience- preferably of family members- as well as go over your presentation speech multiple times and the perfect score will be yours.   For additional material on this subject and genre please check our 10 facts for writing a presentation on exchange systems as well 20 topics on them.

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 17

History - Essay Example n the widening of the gap between the haves and the have-nots, which in turn results to an increase in levels of crime in the form of drug trafficking and abuse, and theft and burglary among other criminal activities. Politically, oil affects society as the ruling elite strive to acquire and sustain control of oil wells or the oil business, and make political decisions in such a way that the supply of oil would not be affected negatively. This essay reviews the role of oil in determining the social, political and economic history of the United States over the years since the 1970s to the present. In 1973, the United States government decided to supply the Israeli military with artillery and other war requirements during the Yom Kippur war. This stirred a response by the Arab country members of the OPEC who withdrew from the organisation that was the primary oil producer at the time (Pelletià ¨re 140). The United States took the blame for disrupting oil supply and creating the possibility of high prices of oil and a possible recession, which resulted in tensed relationship with other countries. These countries included some European countries and Japan, all of whom took measures that could have cut ties with the United States. Moreover, Regan lost the presidency to Bush owing to his poor policies when the country needed him, especially by opting to commit resources to fight communism instead of fighting poverty back home. This shortage of oil had an economic role in the stock market crash of 1973 to 1974, which resulted in loss of investments in the stock market. When the Arab countries realised the impact that oil shortage had on the world, they decided to practise price control measures, which resulted in a sustained increases of prices in the United States over the years. This resulted in an increasing price of goods and services, and resulted to deterioration of living standards in the United States, which mostly affected the poor and minorities with the

UM&UC Family Health Clinic - Meeting Meaningful Use of Billing Research Paper

UM&UC Family Health Clinic - Meeting Meaningful Use of Billing Function EHR InfoSys - Research Paper Example This system helps to generates more customer satisfaction, reliability and safety towards the patients. EHR system also supports the automatic recording of charges and their claims in respect to patients. This also keeps appropriate records of medicines prescribed by physicians of the respective patients to avoid mistakes and confusion. EHR system also provides effective performance in the overall medical procedure of patients. Moreover, EHR system stores all requisite records from admission to discharge of the patients to make the process of organization smooth and effective. The day-to-day requirement of every necessities whether it would be their room charges, food, medicine, treatment and testing expenses are consistently recorded in these EHR systems. Hence it can be concluded that implementation of EHR system in health care industry will help to enhance medical care, safety and services to the patients in an effective manner. This will ultimately provide a competitive advantage and profit maximization for the health care industry (Health IT.gov, 2013; Carroll et al., 2012). Infosys Electronic Health Record System (EHR) is an architectural design, which must be implemented by UM & UC Family Health Clinic to improve the quality of care, safety and decisions regarding the financial management. EHR delivers comprehensive health care services through electronic devices, various tools of health management, referral management, scheduling and clinical messaging. Through the application of EHR healthcare organizations delivers extreme quality performance towards care and safety of patients. EHR will build transparency and accuracy in maintaining as well as storing of various medical records of patients. Due to the implementation of this system there will be less mix of data and the data will be stored in an organized manner. This will benefit the patients as well as the

Reading the Constitution Essay Example for Free

Reading the Constitution Essay In their essay, How Not to Read the Constitution, Lawrence Tribe and Michael Dorf describe the ways the Constitution has been interpreted by different people. Tribe and Dorf make it clear that the idea that the Constitution should be interpreted based on what the framers original intent was is not the way to read the Constitution, it takes much more than that. Tribe and Dorf also explain that justices do not interpret the Constitution in a way that would please the readers (the people) on purpose, because if that were so then the authority of the Constitution would lose all legitimacy if it really were only a mirror for the readers ideals and ideas (p. 49). This means that people have the tendency to interpret the Constitution based on their own beliefs. Also, the justices themselves have their own beliefs and their own interpretations of the Constitution, but they should not come up with a decision based solely on their own opinions. The exact way to read the Constitution is indefinable, therefore in their essay, Tribe and Dorf instead described how not to interpret it and implied that justices should make wise decisions that are not entirely based on their own beliefs, the original intents of the framers made generations ago, or the expectations of the public now. In the case Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey, Planned Parenthood was challenging a Pennsylvania law that placed some restrictions on abortion. Many opponents of abortion hoped that the Supreme Court would use the case to strike down the decision made in Roe v. Wade, which states that a state ban on all abortions is unconstitutional. The majority of the court voted not to do so. This is a good case for providing insight into the way justices interpret the constitution and make their decisions. Justice of the Supreme Court Sandra Day OConnor wrote the majority opinion for the case. The majority voted not to overrule the decision made in Roe v. Wade. OConnor wrote on behalf of the majority and wrote in the opinion that the main reasons for this decision were based on the principle of stare decisis and the fact that the cases central ruling is workable for the states and does not come at odds with other precedents. Also, OConnor wrote that the word liberty from the statement no state shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law, (the Due  Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment) includes a womans right to an abortion. Thus, the precedent decision made in the case Roe v. Wade that deals with the rights to and restrictions on abortion still stands. Justices William Rehnquist and Atonin Scalia each wrote dissenting opinions about this case. In Rehnquists dissenting opinion, his main point upon which he disagrees with OConnor is that the right to an abortion is not fundamental. By this statement Rehnquist means that the word liberty in the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment does not encompass the right to an abortion because the right to an abortion is not implicit in the concept of ordered liberty. Thus, he does not agree with the majority opinion. Scalia disagreed with OConnor and the majority about roughly the same point Rehnquist described in his dissenting opinion. The difference in Scalias opinion is that he believes there is no question that the right to an abortion is a liberty, but he states that it is not a liberty that is protected by the Constitution. Out of these three justices, Sandra Day OConnor would most agree with Tribe and Dorfs essay about how to read and interpret the Constitution. I believe she would be in agreement with them because unlike Rehnquist and Scalia, it seems that she interpreted the Constitution not by what she thought the framers originally meant, but by what she thought would do some good in the future. She also made it clear in her writing that the decision by the majority was not made based on the justices personal beliefs. She shows this in the majority opinion she wrote, the stronger argument is for affirming Roes central holding, with whatever degree of personal reluctance any of us may have, not for overruling it.

Customer Loyalty Cards In Uk Retail Industry Marketing Essay

Customer Loyalty Cards In Uk Retail Industry Marketing Essay UKs retail industry is one of the most organised industries in the world where retailers like Tesco, Mark Spencers and Sainsbury are holding the good position in the market. The purpose of my research project is to analysis the comparison between the customer loyalty programs of in the UK retail industry where most of the retailers are trying their best to control the maximum share of customer through their loyalty program. In UK every retailer is doing or planning to implement a very different customer engagement loyalty scheme so that it could get maximize the customer power through its effective data base management which hold so much information about the customer like customers buying behaviour, income level, spending habits, medical spending, and so on. My research will try to find out the question: Does retailers success is directly related to its successful loyalty program implementation? For getting the best result for the research a qualitative survey interviews will be ta ken from 10 -15 employee of different retailers. Report will discuss the research question, literature review and adopted methodology for the research. Collected data would be analysed through SPSS software and the total research would take around three months to complete. 2. Introduction: Impact of loyalty programs on retailers business is perceived to be very positive despite the fact that some of the very big retailers like Asda are not using these programs on wide scale for getting customer loyalty. In retail industry loyalty programs are very popular and most of the big retailers use this for increasing the business through customers loyalty. Loyalty programs are part of structured Relationship Marketing activities which encourages customer towards loyal buying behaviour and ultimately leads to companys profit. According to Market research done on customers loyalty patterns, it is tough to get exponential growth by launch of a loyalty scheme because competitive forces reduces its impact on overall retail industry. In retail industry a rewards card, club card, loyalty card, or advantage card is cards which give the membership to the customer who hold it. In UK most of the retailer are running loyalty growth model through loyalty cards for creating more business by knowing customers buying behaviour. UK is one of the biggest markets in the world for customer loyalty card market where almost every big retailer is running its loyalty card scheme. In 1981 Gary Wilson invented the first loyalty card or discount card which is known by the name of Passcard and later on it is known as Passkey however few people believed that passcard was not first discount card. In 1982 first loyalty card is started by one of the leading retail named Sainsbury. In November 1993 boots the chemist retails chain first started the loyalty card scheme in UK market and later on in 1997 with the investment of 30 million GBP it launched Boots Advantage card which gout huge success representing the 3rd largest retail loyalty scheme in the UK market with around 17 million customers. My research question analysis the positive co-relation between the retailers success and loyalty card program. Most of the retailers are trying to use loyalty card schemes as most powerful tools for making their business better in this recession period. There are lot of work have been done which tells direct co-relation between loyalty cards scheme and consumer buying behaviour but how successful retailers are because of these loyalty programs is not widely researched yet. One of the prominent retailer Asda dont believe in investing the money in loyalty scheme rather it prefer to offer cheapest product rang to attract the customer loyalty. On the other hand another big retailer Tesco press release said Double points has encouraged more customers to sign up; a higher proportion of transactions are now using a Club card and 18% more households are redeeming Club card vouchers than a year ago(Retail Week, May 2010) Club cards are integral part of some retailers strategy like Tesco, Sainsbury while retailers like Asda are expanding their business very rapidly with loyalty programs so my research will analysis the effectiveness of club card schemes on retailers success. Club card is scheme is very expensive so its not necessary that every retailer is growing only because of these schemes. There are so many loyalty schemes but very little research represented the effectiveness of loyalty program. (Kivetz and Simonson, 2002; Yi and Jeon, 2003) 3. Literature Review: According to Oliver (1997) loyalty is a deeply held commitment to re-buy or re-patronize a preferred product/service consistently in the future, thereby causing repetitive same-brand or same-brand-set purchasing despite situational influences and marketing efforts having the potential to cause switching behaviour. Literature on relationship marketing practices like loyalty card scheme is divided into two groups; one group of researcher believe that loyalty scheme have positive effect on customer loyalty and that will result in increased profitability and revenues of the organization. However on the other hand second group of researcher believe that loyalty program slightly influences retailers revenue and profitability through customers loyalty. Customers shop from other retailer also where they are not attaching to any loyalty program. These researchers believe that customers behaviour is not affected by loyalty schemes rather they shop according to their convenience. Retailers stra tegic planning is to enhance customer loyalty which has positive influence on organisation development, revenues, profitably and culture (Dick Basin, 1997). Customer Loyalty Research Center (2001) described loyalty as the commitment of customer to a particular brand or company. Most researchers have discussed the loyalty card scheme with respect to consumer loyalty. According to Capizzi and Ferguson (2003) one billion people are attached to any kind of loyalty program all over the world. In terms of loyalty schemes satisfied consumers show more loyalty than that of unsatisfied consumer towards the company (Bailey Schultz, 2000). Few researchers Grinnell (2003) and OBrien and Jones (1995) discussed positive effect on customer loyalty however some author like Sharp and sharp 1997 could not find the proof of an impact on customer loyalty of loyalty card schemes. Organisations growth is related to customer loyalty so big retailers try to attract more customer through loyalty programs. Tesco since inception of loyalty program has spent  £150 million through 1% discount to the customers against the point earned. Tesco claims that club card has made it no. 1 retailer in the UK since 1995 when it started loyalty program. According to Rosenspan (1998) loyalty programs dont create customer loyalty towards the companys products or services. Asda also fo cuses on discounting on purchasing rather than on loyalty programs. Some of the author argues about 80-20 law but top 20% customers of loyalty schemes are not always loyal to the one companys product rather they customers look for best value for the money with any retailers. Researchers views are very divided on loyalty programs or customer relationship marketing (CRM) really affect customer loyalty so that companies could grow and be more profitable. According to the Feinberg and Kadam (2002) loyalty programs create differentiation among the retailers rather than impacting on customers purchase behaviour or satisfaction. On the other hand Seybold (2001) counter the above statement by saying that CRM helps companies to enhance their revenues and profitability if they positioned their products according to customers need. Very few retailers try to position their products according to customers needs rather through loyalty schemes they get to know the category wise buying behaviour of customers and by using that data retailers launched own branded products for higher profits. In most of the cases impact of loyalty programs is evaluated post launce of the schemes but for knowing the actual impact of loyalty programs there must be a comparison between pre an d post data. According Sharp and Sharp, 1997 pre launch data of loyalty programs are not available and it cant not be gathered after the scheme launch. He categorised the customers in two group one group of customer who participated in the loyalty scheme called treatment group and another group who did not participated in the loyalty program named as control group. According to him both group must be analysed for getting the real impact of loyalty programs. The retailers are very smart to invest huge amount on these loyalty programs Tesco claims that it has more that 14 million active club card user in 2009 after investing GBP 150 million on relaunch of loyalty scheme. Retailers in UK invest huge money for loyalty programs but are all the retailers are getting bigger only with these schemes or they are using the customers data for launching their own branded products for getting higher market share in highest selling categories.Sainsbusry is the only retailer in UK retail industry which acquired 50 % turnover by adopting the own branded strategy for increasing the market share and profit. According to OBrien and Jones (1995) loyalty schemes creates the customer loyalty if company knows how to use and share that knowledge. Researchers views are divided on both point positive impact of loyalty program and negative impact of program but more authors are inclined towards positive impact of programs on companys success. Majority of programs are planned to increase the repeat purchase of customers and once the repeat purchase increase retailers get increased turnover through the higher footfalls. According to Sharp and Sharp (1997) loyalty programs have the capability to influence the repeat purchase pattern of the customer but the change might be very little but only this kind of marketing practices which can influence customer repeat purchase pattern. Through my research question I would like make a positive co-relation between loyalty programs and customers loyalty in UK retail industry. 4. Research Methodology According to the Zikmund (1997) research methodology is integral part of a report which consist of sampling of data, research strategy, hypothesis, research limitations and other different techniques. According to the literature review impact of loyalty programs on customer loyalty and company performance is positive as well as negative hence there are mixed views of different researchers for both the arguments. My research is to find out positive relation between loyalty program and customer loyalty based on two hypotheses- H1- Retailers which implemented loyalty programs performed much better through enhancing customers loyalty. H2- Customer loyalty is directly related to retailers performance Research Approach According to the Lundahl Skarvad (1999) fundamentally basically there are two kinds of research approaches deductive approach and inductive approach. A deductive approach has been selected as quantitative data have to be collected through the questionnaires. For my research this approach would serve the purpose. Selected research approach is helpful to establish the relationship between loyalty program and customer loyalty. Questionnaire will consist the question related to number of cards retailers having, benefits of cards, frequency of visit to store, redemption benefit and how loyal customer is because of loyalty card. These kinds of question will help in finding the relation between two variables. Data Collection Methods After seeing the accuracy of the outcome data i have selected quantitative method of data collection i.e. through questionnaire survey. There are two kinds of data which can be used for research -primary data and secondary data. During my research Ill collect primary data through conducting questionnaire survey. Than after i would look for secondary data for finding the literature reviews and other data required for the analysis like magazines, newspapers, journals, etc. Questionnaire- According to the Chisnall (1992) there are three different kind of questionnaire personal interviews, self administered questionnaire and telephonic interviews; but I have selected self- completion questionnaire because of its low cost and it gives enough time to respond. Questionnaire will be distributed through the mail to loyalty card holder in the retail industry for finding out the key relation. Most of the question would be close ended in the survey and some of the question would be scale based so that i could get some comparative data within the industry. There are so many factors like price sensitivity, repeat purchase, loyalty, brand loyalty so through these questionnaires specific questions would be based on these key points. Sampling Strategy Questionnaire would be distributed to the 400 customers through mail who are involved in any of the loyalty schemes so that they could give right feedback. Main idea of the research so to find the positive relation between two variables through analysing the customer view in retail industry. Sampling would be done with in UK in different geographical, demographical, age group, gender and income level of the customers. Survey would be send to the customers randomly so that best result could be found out. Sampling of the survey is an important part for this research as most of the research analysis is based on primary data through survey. Unit of analysis in this research would be customers who are involved in any of the loyalty scheme in retail industry.I,ll try to focus more on female respondents because in most of the cases female do shop for the whole family and they can tell the best view about the customer loyalty through loyalty programs. Time Limit Overall research will take around three months to complete as data has to be collected from primary as well as secondary resources. Sampling of the questionnaire and getting its feedback will take around 6 to 8 weeks while data analysis and compiling will take rest of the time. Strength and Limitation of the proposed design Success rate of the research seems to be very satisfactory as there would not be problem to find out the respondents during my research. Most of the UK population is attach to any of the loyalty schemes in the retail industry and through the questionnaires Ill get the expected results. There are very less chances to get low feedback from the customers because time constraint is not attach with this survey and itll not take too much time to complete the survey. Secondary data is another important resource for getting the important data so that a genuine relationship could be find out between the loyalty programs and customer loyalty in the industry. The survey design is having one more strength i.e. low cost attach to it for conducting and designing it. There are so much research have been done related to customer loyalty and customer relationship marketing but there is less literature available on loyalty programs and customer loyalty relationship.Althouth loyalty programs are the part of customer relationship marketing (CRM) and i used those resources as secondary data. Due to time frame random sampling has been selected but some of the respondents might not have experienced the loyalty schemes so results may have some limitation in terms of accuracy but itll not affect the final outcome of the research. 5. Analysis and Interpretation I have taken the quantitative methods of data collection through self administered questionnaire and the objective the questionnaire survey is to recognise the factors which influence the customer loyalty with respect to loyalty programs in retail industry. The first part of the questionnaire would collect the personal information about the customer where as the second part would gather the information about repeat purchase through loyalty programs. The collected data through questionnaire would be analysed through the SPSS software which gives the accurate analysis. The gathered data would be analysed by some quantitative methods like regression, co-relation analysis and hypothesis test. The gathered quantitative data would be examined for reliability according to the Cronbachs alpha values where 0.7 or higher values are the most appropriate value of Cronbachs alpha which reflects the internal reliability of quantitative data. Alpha can take positive as well as negative values but only positive values (less than or equal to 1) would have the significance. This is the widely used method for score. We have to analyse the relationship between two variables so well use the co-relation analysis to analyse the linear relationship. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient r given by Karl Pearson evaluates the relationship between two variables. If the Value of coefficient can be -1 or +1 if the variables reflect very strong relationship, if the value of coefficient is in between -1 and +1 relationship is less strong positively and negatively but if the value is close to zero than relationship is very weak. Co-relation between loyalty programs and customer loyalty woul d be analysed. Regression analysis is the statistical tools to examine the relationship between a dependent and 1 or more independent variables and Probability distribution can also be used for this analysis. Regression analysis specifically tells how the value of a dependent variable varies when value of one independent variables changes where as other independent variables are constant. Regression analysis is useful to find out the effect of every independent variable on the relationship. Regression analysis will tell the how customer loyalty gets influence by the different actor of loyalty programs run by the retailers. It will also tell which factors of loyalty programs influence the customers repeat purchase pattern to the larger extent. History of regression started with method of least squares analysed by Legendre  in 1805 but now there are three kinds of regression analysis General multiple regression, Linear regression and stepwise multiple regression .The most widely used analysis is G eneral multiple regression analysis which uses all the independent variable to form one linear equation.Minimun number of sample size is required for the regression analysis and that size can be 50 or more. I have taken a good number of sample sizes so that the analysis of the data could give authentic and accurate results. Significance level or unbiased test would be used for hypothesis testing. There are so many factors which influence the customer repeat purchase pattern through loyalty programs and become the base for customer loyalty. Co-relation and regression analysis will be done to analysis the positive relationship between the variables according to the research question. 6. Ethical issues Data collection is very tedious task in terms of ethical issues related to it. There could be following issues which can directly relate to the research. Privacy and Confidentiality Most of the customers wants their information related to their profession as well as personal must be kept secret. During the research this issue could be handled by giving assurance to the customers that your information will be kept only for the research purpose. There are so many software like survey monkey which can be used for maintaining the confidentiality of the customers information. Integrity- Your identification must be disclosed to the customers so that they could freely answer the questionnaire as well as there should not be anything which may destroy the dignity or researcher. There would be some questions based on the customers income level which would be direct question so customer might hesitate in answering them.During the Overall research only these issues might arise as most of the research based on the customer loyalty and customer repeat purchase. 7. Reflections The overall research is based on finding out the positive relation between retailers loyalty programs and customer loyalty which influence the retailers business growth and profitability. The research is planned to get the data from 400 customers who are involved in any kind of loyalty scheme through questionnaire survey in the retailer industry. Business school resources would be used for conducting the research and the collected data would be analysed through SPSS software. I, m expecting 60-70% reply of my survey questionnaire which Ill send to the customers in the city and in university campus also. Research would require a proper time management as the whole research have to be effectively complete in 8-10 weeks. There are following resources would be require for the research like a computer/laptop, access to library or database, database from the industry or company and a supervisor to guide in research. Business school has already organised the training session for the softwar e learning and other required resources for the research so would be sufficient for the research. Customers response to the questionnaire might be low in that case secondary data would be used for analysis of the research and some time customer might give some wrong information in the survey which can jeopardised the research objective. Interaction with the supervisor would give the guideline for the research in planned manner and continuous feedback will give right corrective measure for the research. Research could be more extended as own brand play an important role in the repeat purchase pattern of the customers behaviour. Most of retailers loyalty programs are made to gather info for own brand positioning and according to the time frame i can add this in my research. Proposed research is very realistic and will contribute in retail industry for establishing the relationship between loyalty programs and customers loyalty. The research will also provide the analysis for the customers of loyalty programs and how they affect the performance of the company.

Lemurs of Madagascar

Lemurs of Madagascar Name: Course: Tutor: Date: Lemurs of Madagascar 1. Madagascar biome is a tropical rain forest. The main characteristic of a tropical rain forest biome is the presence of Warm temperatures throughout the year. In a tropical rain forest biome, there are three layers. These layers include the top trees, followed by the canopy layer characterized by dens leaves hence low light penetration and the third layer are the ground layer. The ground layer lacks any vegetation owing to the low amount of sunlight reaching it due to the dense canopy layer. 2. Changes happening in Madagascar pose challenges to lemurs in the island.The main changes that affect the lemurs include the effects of agricultural activities on the environment. Forestland conversion for agricultural use including the creation of pastureland, cropland, and degradation of the soil due to fire and clearing by humans is the agricultural changes on Madagascar. Soil erosion caused by slash-and-burn farming also forms the other changes in Madagascar that brings forth challenges to lemurs. As a conclusion, high deforestation rate and increased human population and erosion form the main changes that challenge the existence of lemurs in Madagascar. 3.The lemurs that are adapting well with the changes in Madagascar are the ones with the ability to live in an altered habitat. (This is a habitat with secondary characteristics owing to human activities in the island). These include the ring-tailed lemur lemma catta and sifakas, but between the two, the ring-tailed lemma catta is adapting better to changes in the ecosystem. The fossil lemurs’ disappearance in the island was due to inability to adapt well to the changes. The other types of lemurs that have disappeared due to change in the habitat include Palaeopropithecus, Daubentonia robusta, Archaeiindris fontoynonti and Megaladapis edwardsi. . A generalist behavioral type is required of the lemurs in Madagascar to be able to cope with the change s in the island for their adaptation and survival. The species favored in this criterion are sifakas and lemur catta, which are adapting well to the changes. Other behavioral characteristics required include being terrestrial for them to adapt well with the changes as depicted by the lemur catta. Physical characteristics that improve adaptation to the changes include ability to take advantage of changes by feeding on crops, tourist handouts, insects, flowers, and fruits. . Lemurs might not develop to adapt to changes in Madagascar because they lived on trees and the deforestation affects their form of livelihood. The reduction in the soil’s ability to support the vegetation that forms the main food for the lemurs is another reason owing to the high rates of soil erosion and degradation. Similarly, human actions in the highland affect their ability to adapt with the changes hence another reason for the inability to adapt to changes in the habitat. 6. The water cycle is the biochemical cycle that may be altered by activities in Madagascar.An alteration on the water cycle takes the following pattern owing to the activities in mainly deforestation and soil erosion and degradation. Cutting of rain forests results in low moisture transpiration to the atmosphere. The result is a reduction in the cloud cover, diminished precipitation, and lead to drought in the area. The replacement of the forests requires water hence an impossible occurrence when there is drought in the area. Reference â€Å"Lemurs in Madagascar: Surviving on an Island of Change. † Films Media Group, 2006. Films On Demand.

The Staff Development

This paper will review the characteristics of a teaching program for a critical care department in a local community hospital. This will include a review of teaching strategies that focus on the adult learner based on their development stage. A teaching program for the critical care department would entail small group and student-centered teaching strategies that focus on communication enhancement and core skill competency development among learners. This teaching approach emphasizes more autonomy in the clinical care setting and encourages the teacher to consider learner characteristics among clinical and professional workers. The educational program described will be offered in hospital and other generic health care organizations where proactive team building skills and communication skills development are necessary to ensure a multi-disciplinary approach to learning and care giving. The teaching program provided will include a team approach to healthcare education encouraging participants to learn and adopt strategies for conversing and communicating with diverse populations including other professionals, students, clinical workers, patients, families and community members. Teaching Program for Critical Care Department Foundation Learner characteristics for employees in a critical care work setting are unique. Adult learners generally have specific characteristics that require use of effective strategies for learning and teaching the adult learner (Huttly, Sweet & Taylor, 2003). Studies suggest that multiple approaches may be more effective for helping critical care staff develop, including a â€Å"team healthcare approach† which educators can adopt and simulate in an educational setting â€Å"through interprofessional education and vertical integration of student years† (Huttly, Sweet & Taylor, p. 5). Teaching strategies must be based on learner characteristics and the place of employment students intend to pursue their career to be successful. Teaching strategies that are varied are most likely to be successful, and may include information technology training in skills development and writing genres and education about working in a multidisciplinary health care setting where a depth and range of activities and problems solving skills are nurtured among future healthcare practitioners (Biggs, 1999; Huttly, Sweet & Taylor, 2003). Teaching strategies must incorporate multiple aims including improving adult critical care workers perceptions and experiences of their education and learning environment and supporting learners at varying developmental levels (Curzon, 2000). Among the skills necessary include improving communication skills in a patient centered manner; this may require that educators focus on assessing the student practitioner and providing information based learning in small groups that emphasizes problem based and problem solving learning (Huttly, Sweet & Taylor, 2003). Many support teaching strategies that incorporate good communication, skills and core competency training and specialist options that are student based and emphasize group study skills to support ongoing learning at each development stage among adult learners; further research suggest that the ability of adult learners to discover information and understand subject matter in a clinical setting depends in part on their ability to uncover information about subjects important to them and their professional careers (Huttly, et al. 2003; Wilby, 2001). It is important that teachers adopt strategies that allow them to act as â€Å"agents of change† in the classroom, drawing on their own educational experience to provide students with a learning environment that is â€Å"condensed but focused† (Huttly, Sweet & Taylor, 150). The clinic provides an adequate learning environment for all medical students, and teaching strategies in this environment should focus on providing students with skills, knowledge, expertise and professional ability to treat patients correctly and efficiently (Huttly, Sweet & Taylor, 2003). Teaching strategies that tend to work well in a clinical environment reflect learner characteristics, are generally subject-centered, consider student's pre-clinical ability and education and enable students to tackle â€Å"problem-oriented, practical experiences† geared toward their developmental level (Townsend, et al. 1997; Huttly et al. 2003). Small group learning is also considered â€Å"the most meaningful learning experienced by adult learners† and useful for all curricula including medical, particularly when characterized by â€Å"active participation of all group members† (Huttly, Sweet & Taylor, 101). Further small group experiences can enhance learning by involving them in various processes including â€Å"relating, applying, generating ideas and recognizing and resolving problems† (Huttly, Sweet & Taylor, 101). It is a more active than passive form of teaching that provides students with more stimulating methods of interaction and developing, enabling better responsibility for learning among students, helping develop generic clinical skills and promoting all adult learning characteristics and styles (Biggs, 1999; Huttly, Sweet & Taylor, 2003). Particularly in clinical education student centered modes of teaching including small group work allow students to adopt more active and autonomous roles better preparing them to function as team members in their medical communities at later dates and times (Huttly, Sweet & Taylor, 2003). There is ample evidence supporting the role of active learning in the clinical environment. There is also ample evidence suggesting that student centered approaches to teaching help clinical student learn to communicate better in a team environment and help develop more comprehensive communication and problem solving skills, important attributes within the medical profession (Huttly, Sweet & Taylor, 2003). This compared with more teacher centered approaches, strategies that in the past have proven less successful among adult learners with varying learning characteristics, particularly those learning in a clinical environment where it is important that students adopt transferable and generic skills (Huttly, Sweet & Taylor, 2003).

Analyzation of By Any Means Necessary Essays - Identity Politics

Analyzation of By Any Means Necessary Essays - Identity Politics Analyzation of "By Any Means Necessary" Danielle Dawkins Principles of Speech Howard University November 26, 2017 Malcolm X, a brilliant and radical Black Nationalist Leader, delivered his "By Any Means Necessary" speech at the Founding Rally of the Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU) in June of 1964. He delivered his speech in the Audobon Ballroom in Washington Heights, which is bordered by Harlem to the south. This exact place plays a major role in his technique, as Harlem was a predominantly black neighborhood in Manhattan. It's safe to assume that he wanted to start his organization and amplify his message of black liberation in a densely populated area mostly occupied by African Americans. Malcom's goal was to create an ideology, and outlined in is speech was an ideograph that consisted of the following sections: Establishment, Self-defense, Education, Politics Economics, Social. As he elaborated on each of the five sections, he utilized rhetorical devices through zealous language that implanted the central theme of "by any means necessary" in the minds of millions across the natio n. One should understand that Malcom's central theme was not a cry of revenge, but a cry for unification and self-reliance of African Americans. The topics and the sheer arrangement allows for a better flow and it ultimately helped Malcom drill down his message. Malcom began his speech with the words, "Salaam Alaikum" meaning "Peace be onto you". He then continued to acknowledge everyone in the audience, including his enemies. It's interesting that he should do that, but in his own words, ".You'll get freedom by letting your enemy know you'll get anything to get freedom" Not only did he establish a common ground with his "brothers" and "sisters", but he also established somewhat of an odd mutual understanding between him and his adversaries. The entirety of Malcolm's speech follows a timeline. He begins by explaining that he had been in Mecca, which is in Saudi Arabia, and in various independent nations of Africa where he tried to open his own mind and discover new solutions to problems at hand. He then continues to the current situation, and compares the "progress" that America had made to the progression of nations in Africa. Malcolm tells the audience that he had decided to model his newly formed organization after the Organization of African Unity, as he was impressed by how all nations were willing to work toward the elimination of colonialism by disregarding all differences. After a detailed explanation of the purpose of the OAAU, he continues with the "Basic Aims and Objectives of the Organization of Afro American Unity;" and dives into his ideograph. Beginning with establishment, Malcolm helps guide the audience by explaining why the sole purpose of it. Self-defense preaches that self-preservation is the first law of nature, and that the audience possesses the right to protect themselves and their property by whatever means necessary. Education focuses on the audience's right to educate themselves as a means of rediscovering and preserving their identity. During the politics economics section of the speech, the audience is reminded of the two powers within the United States that are structured to hold African Americans back. The arrangement and powerful delivery of each of these sections galvanized the audience and replenished their sense of empowerment. After revitalizing the audience, Malcom moves to the operational part of the organization, now that they are mesmerized, and explains the modest membership fees. The conclusion of this speech consisted of more details on the organization and its separation from the beliefs and practices of Black Muslims. Malcom X was not responding to a specific situation with his speech, not that he needed to do so. The racial turmoil of 60s was drastic enough for him to speak on. The outrage that flooded cities across the nation (particularly in the south) fueled his passion thereby allowing him to deliver a clear cut message with the help of newfound knowledge he acquired overseas. As mentioned before, Malcolm is separating himself From one hand, there was Martin Luther King, who was the preacher of the civil rights and liberty across the globe, regardless of race, gender and nationality. On the other hand, thereduti was Elijah Muhammed's Nation of Islam, founded in Detroit

Impact of Technology on Everyday Life

Impact of Technology on Everyday Life Free Online Research Papers Technology today touches everything we do. You never know how much something can play a major role in your life until you sit back, relax, and sit right in front of the computer and access the internet. It can be beneficial in your family, business, and personal life. First of all, The Internet brings friends and family closer together. Before the Internet, it was possible to keep in touch with relatives and friends across the country or around the world and it was also expensive. Today, A person living in Louisiana now has the means to communicate with friends, family, or other people who live halfway across the world. This has allowed many people to stay in touch with each other, that they may not have been able to keep in touch with prior to this invention. Secondly, Large companies can connect with employees, suppliers, and partners around the globe, and small businesses can find their customers anywhere in the world. Businesses can hire knowledgeable workers anywhere regardless of where they are, greatly expanding employment opportunities. The internet provides countless avenues to learn about new jobs, training, volunteer opportunities, and what’s happening in your field. Finally, the Internet offers people an easy way to shop for goods and services in different states and countries. Not only do you do it online, but at your own time and privacy of your own home. What is so amazing you can pay bills without wasting stamps and guaranteeing that it gets their in a timely fashion. In Conclusion, The Internet and other communication tools let us live and work anywhere we like. With the worlds information at our fingertips and clients and colleagues instantly reachable, the internet is very vital to our lifestyle and to go through life without it will be very tough especially since we use it everyday Research Papers on Impact of Technology on Everyday LifeAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPETSTEL analysis of IndiaNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Project Managment Office SystemOpen Architechture a white paperRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Masque of the Red Death Room meanings

Ambient music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ambient music - Essay Example This "Ambient music" essay outlines types of ambient music and peculiarities of this genre. This is what Ambient Music is all about. Ambient music is so diverse because it has borrowed extensively from many different cultures. Music is described as "the science or art of incorporating pleasing, expressive or intelligible combinations of vocal and instrumental tones into a composition having definite structure and continuity," or it is otherwise said to be "Vocal or instrumental sounds having rhythm, melody or harmony." (Webster’s dictionary, 3rd New International Dictionary of the English Language) Therefore Ambient Music is a conglomeration of a wide range of rhythm and sounds which have been incorporated to make it richer and more diverse. Webster’s definition of â€Å"Ambient† is "to go around, surround, encompass. An encompassing environment or atmosphere" (Webster’s Dictionary) Ambient music uses other fractal sounds such as the rush of wind, the fall of waves or a waterfall, the rustling of leaves, the sound of birds, the hissing of a snake, the sound of an airplane, or the sound of rain. Therefore it cannot be categorized in a clear cut manner because of its diversity. Different kinds of ambience need different kinds of sounds and music in order to cater effectively or suit the atmosphere where it is played. This type of ambient uses the synthesizer a lot creating a kind of dreamlike or ethereal drifting feeling which is very soothing and lends a peaceful mood to the person who is listening.

Distinguish between the return on investment and the return on Essay

Distinguish between the return on investment and the return on capital. Show the respective relevance of each to investment decisions - Essay Example ffect of the aggregate demand curve is the same as the demand curve, it shows the amount that the government and businesses are willing to spend on good (Perelman, 2007). Keynes postulates that the capital investment in equipment, plant and machinery will increase the production of goods in an economy. He further, says that investment consists of spending on stocks and finished goods. An increase in interest rate results to a decrease in investment hence a consequent decrease in the total demand. This happens on the ground that the interest rate and investment have an inverse relationship. The increase in interest rate increases the cost of capital hence decrease in demand total. However, a reduction in interest rate will lower the cost of the capital hence increase in investment and a consequent increase in aggregate investment. Keynes postulates that aggregate demand has a number of components. The demand function is Y=C(Y-T)+I (r) +G+NX (e) where I is income, I is consumption being a function of disposable income, I is investment being a function of interest rate, G is government expenditure and NX is net exports (exports minus imports). Keynes further ascertained that investment cannot, therefore, be a sole determinant of the aggregate demand. This means that a change in investment leads to a less proportionate change in the aggregate demand. A rising flow of investment increases the money supply in the economy. The government using its monetary policy, it employs the increase in interest rates to decrease the nominal supply in the economy as it increases the cost of capital (V). Additionally, the increase in the flow of investment increases the money supply in the economy leading to a shift of the money supply upwards and leftwards. This would consequently lead to an increase in prices and the real output (oil, petrol and

Direct and Interactive Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Direct and Interactive Marketing - Essay Example Nonetheless, there is need for a market analysis in a bid to ascertain whether launching an on-line shopping facility later in 2013 will be profitable. Situation analysis Situation analysis is a collection of strategic tools for understanding both the internal and external market of W. M. Morrison Supermarket. Situation analysis tools include 5C analysis, SWOT, and Porter’s five forces amongst others (Kotler, 2009). The following is a situation analysis for W. M. Morrison Supermarket on the basis of the aforementioned three tools. A. 5C Analysis The 5C analysis of W. M. Morrison Supermarket includes the company, competitors, customers, collaborators, and climate (Kotler, 2009). It is important to note that W. M. Morrison Supermarket is supermarket chain that operates with a specific environment hence influenced by the above mentioned aspects. Company: W. M. Morrison Supermarket is considered as the 4th largest supermarket chain within the UK markets. Since 2002, Morrison has b een able to deliver 3000 varieties of perishable food as well as 600 brands of readymade meals to approximately 250,000 customers thus attracting a turnover of approximately $400m annually. In addition, Morrison enjoys the experience of click and collect sector, which it has a command of approximately 10% in the Fresh Direct, a New York-based entity. The enterprise’s main objective is to increase its sales through adopting new technologies that include internet or on-line selling (Davis & Reilly, 2010). In addition, W. M. Morrison Supermarket has experienced poor performance over the last period with sales reducing by approximately 2.5%. Nonetheless, W. M. Morrison Supermarket continues to enjoy its position within the market. Competitors: Morrison continues to face competition from some of the market leaders within the UK’s grocery retailers such as Tesco, Asda, Waitrose, and Sainsburys amongst other competitors. Whereas Tesco is regarded as the market leader, Sainsbu rys has an 18% market share and covers 88% of the UK’s grocery market, Asda has 33% of the online market and has 3 dark stores, and Waitrose sells online though Ocado, which is the biggest online only grocer in the UK (Davis & Reilly, 2010). These retailers within the UK’s grocery continue to offer stiff competition to Morrison especially taking into consideration that whereas the formers have online shops, the latter is yet to launch some online shops. Customers: Morrison targets the UK’s grocery market, which is believed to one of the fastest growing areas in retail. Amazingly, the UK’s grocery market accounts for approximately ?5.6 billion of a ?156.8 billion market, which is 3.57% of the total UK’s market (Kotler, 2009). However, positive trends have indicated a likelihood that the UK’s grocery market is likely to double to approximately ?11 billion in the next five years. It is this market that Morrison supermarket chain is targeting. I n addition, it is important to note that online customers have continued to increase. Online sales indicated a growth rate of 17.8% in 2012 during the Christmas seasons, which is the fastest ever experienced. Collaborators: Morrison continues to operate within the industry and market through the help of collaborators such as the Fresh Direct, which is a New York-based enterprise for distributing fresh farm produce in New York (Jones, 2012). In addition, Morrison has already

Plato and Socrates Essay Example for Free

Plato and Socrates Essay Socrates, in his conviction from the Athenian jury, was both innocent and guilty as charged. In Platos Five Dialogues, accounts of events ranging from just prior to Socrates entry into the courthouse up until his mouthful of hemlock, both points are represented. Socrates in dealing with moral law was not guilty of the crimes he was accused of by Meletus. Socrates was only guilty as charged because his peers had concluded him as such. The laws didnt find Socrates guilty; Socrates was guilty because his jurors enforced the laws. The law couldnt enforce itself. Socrates was accused of corrupting Athens youth, not believing in the gods of the city and creating his own gods. In the Euthyphro, Socrates defends himself against the blasphemous charges outside the courthouse to a priest Euthyphro. Socrates looks to the priest to tell him what exactly is pious so that he may educate himself as to why he would be perceived as impious. Found in the Apology, another of Platos Five Dialogues, Socrates aims to defend his principles to the five hundred and one person jury. Finally, the Crito, an account of Socrates final discussion with his good friend Crito, Socrates is offered an opportunity to escape the prison and his death sentence. As is known, Socrates rejected the suggestion. It is in the Euthyphro and the Apology that it can be deduced that Socrates is not guilty as charged, he had done nothing wrong and he properly defended himself. However, in the Crito, it is shown that Socrates is guilty only in the interpretation and enforcement of Athens laws through the court system and its jurors. Socrates accusations of being blasphemous are also seen as being treasonous. In the Euthyphro, Socrates is making his way into the courthouse; however, prior to entering he had a discussion with a young priest of Athens, Euthyphro. This dialogue relates religion and justice to one another and the manner in which they correlate. Euthyphro feels as though justice necessitates religion and Socrates feels the opposite, religion necessitates justice. Euthyphro claims that religion is everything, justice, habits, traditions, customs, cultures, etc. all are derived from religion. Socrates went on to question what exactly would be the definition of pious. Euthyphro offered Socrates three definitions of pious and in all three Socrates was able to successfully find fault. The first definition Euthyphro offered was that piety is the life he lives (5e). Socrates disputed this definition because he said that Euthyphros way of life may be pious, but it is not the definition of pious. If it were the exact definition, only Euthyphro would be pious. He said that Euthyphro did not understand the difference between a definition and an example. Next, Euthyphro says that piety is found in things that are dear to the gods (7a). Socrates again rejected Euthyphros definition of piety. The Greek gods were anthropomorphic; therefore, another may despise what would be dear to one god. This definition offered was not distinct. Finally, Euthyphro said that what is pious is what loved by the gods (9e). However, Euthyphro cant answer whether something is pious because it is loved or it is loved because it is pious. He cant conceive the difference between cause and effect. It is in the Euthyphro that Socrates begins his defense of his actions and principles to the reader. A priest cant give him a concise answer as to what is religious; therefore, how can anyone else, especially one less religiously guided than a priest, accuse him of blasphemous actions? In the Apology, Socrates aimed to do three things: defend his ideas and principles, continue to teach those who will open their mind and state that he knew regardless of what he said he was aware that all five hundred and one jurors knew who he was and disliked him. Socrates was well aware of the fact that he had made multiple enemies, he knew that the politicians, poets, rich and craftsmen all had reasons to dislike his actions. Socrates went as far as to accuse the jury as not trusting the gods because they had not believed the oracle when it said that Socrates was the wisest in all of Athens (20d-e). If the jury and the people of Athens believed the oracle, the word of the gods, then Socrates would not be on trial. In the Apology, or defense, Socrates aims to legally justify his actions. He is accused of three things: corrupting Athens youth, not believing in the gods of the city and making up new gods. All three charges can be related back to treason and a large penalty. Socrates almost laughs off the first charge of corrupting the youth. He made a sensible argument as to why that charge made no sense and had no base. He said that willingly corrupting the youth of Athens would only make his living there more difficult. Logically, no one would aim to make his or her home a more dangerous, corrupt place to live (25d). He then asks his accusers to present some sort of evidence, a corrupted youth. Socrates knew that none of his students would speak out against him. To defend himself against the second and third charges, Socrates simply says that his belief in any new gods would necessitate believing in the old gods because the new gods are derived from the old gods (26c). In the Apology, conceivably, Socrates defended himself decisively against the three legal charges brought upon him. He was able to offer sufficient resistance, with a lack of prosecuting evidence, against the allegations. Plato uses the Crito, a discussion between Socrates and Crito, to display exactly why, even though innocent, Socrates accepted the penalties bestowed upon him. Socrates has thoroughly justified his own decision to obey the opinions of the majority and serve out the sentence that his own city has deemed appropriate for his crimes. Throughout the dialogue Socrates is explaining his reasoning for not running from the government. Crito does not understand the madness of Socrates, Crito will do whatever it takes to help his friend to flee, instead of being exiled by the government. I do not think that what you are doing is right, to give up your life when you can save it, and to hasten your fate as your enemies would hasten it, and indeed have hastened it in their wish to destroy you (58c). Throughout the Crito, two major ideas are established in the discussion of the two friends. The first being that a person must decide whether the society in which they live has a just reasoning behind its own standards of right and wrong. It is also examined whether or not the person has the option to leave if they dont agree with the laws of the city. Socrates has lived his whole life in Athens; therefore, he feels that there is an implied contract between himself and the laws of Athens. Not one of our laws raises any obstacle or forbids him, if he is not satisfied with us or the city, if one of you wants to go and live in a colony or wants to go anywhere else, and keep his property (63d). Socrates states; that making a conscious choice or effort to remain under the influence of a society is an unconscious agreement with that society to live your life by its standards and virtues. The second concept established between Socrates and Crito is that a person must have pride in the life that he or she leads. If Socrates does not face the penalties enforced, it would be the same as him disrespecting his own morals and principles. He would have followed them until they led him to hardships, and then abandoned them. In this, Socrates feels that escaping to survive would only result in the death of his teachings, the reason why he lives. I am the kind of man who listens only to the argument that on reflection seems best to me. I cannot, now that this fate has come upon me, discard the arguments I used; they seen to me much the same (59b). In establishing basic questions of these two concepts, Socrates has precluded his own circumstance and attempted to prove to his companion Crito, that the choice that he has made is just. He states that his decision is justified by the fact that the laws and governing agents of the society must command a certain degree of respect. Any person who would unjustly disobey these laws creates a deliberate attempt to destroy them, as well as, the society that has imposed them. However, that whoever of you remains when he sees how we conduct our trials and manage the city in other ways, has in fact come to an agreement with us to obey our instructions (63e). If the decisions of the citys governing agents are not thoroughly respected as just and cohesive parts of society, the very structure by which the society stands is subject to collapse. Socrates was not guilty as charged; he had done nothing wrong, as seen in the Apology. Not even a priest could tell Socrates what he had done wrong religiously, Euthyphro wasnt even able to give Socrates a precise definition of piety. It is then questioned by Crito why Socrates would remain to face a penalty for a crime he did not commit. In the Crito, it is explained why, although innocent, Socrates must accept the penalties his peers have set upon him. It is his peers that will interpret and enforce the laws, not the law which will enforce it. Even if the enforcers dont deserve attention and respect because they have no real knowledge to the situation, Socrates had put himself under their judgment by going to the trial. Therefore, Socrates must respect the decisions made by the masses because the decisions are made to represent the laws, which demand each citizens respect.