Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Research Paper - 7

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) - Research Paper Example Assessments utilized for quantitative hazard evaluation of Polycyclic sweet-smelling hydrocarbons have not stayed up with the cutting edge systematic techniques thus capacity of discovery isn't guaranteed. In this way, notwithstanding the way that it’s conceivable to quantify these mixes in fish, there is no adequate data fair and square of poisonousness of these mixes known, therefore can't be fused in human wellbeing hazard appraisal since there is vulnerability. Then again, bigger assortment of synthetically supplanted PAHs are normally occurring and may incorporate wellbeing dangers if human peoples are available to risky levels. Along these lines thus, future exploration endeavors should target filling this toxicological hole, so that thusly, human wellbeing hazard appraisal of PAHs in food can be properly decided. This is fundamental on account of oil spills. (Simon, 2003) Benzo[a]pyrene(BaP) has been tried in a scope of animal types, among the creatures being rodents, bunnies, guinea pigs and rhesus monkey. The impact on the creatures from this research center testing was that, tumors have been seen in all the lab tests did on the little creatures. In this manner the impact of BaP has been viewed as cancer-causing, when managed by an assortment of courses, including diet, inward breath and intravenous. The cancer-causing nature of individual PAH and PAH-containing mixes in exploratory creatures has been finished. This has been completed with individual PAH in people yet with no virtual information existing. These have shown expanded frequencies of malignancy to human populace uncovered. This finding did demonstrating that various individual PAH are cancer-causing to exploratory creatures show likely cancer-causing to people. (Overton, 2003) Toxicological impact is another result which is as a came about after the trial on the creatures. Serious hematological impacts have been recognized in creatures after oral presentation to high dosages of PAHs. In vitro tries have

Red, White and Blue Electrolysis Chemistry Demonstration

Red, White and Blue Electrolysis Chemistry Demonstration Here is an ideal electrochemistry chem demo for the fourth of July or other enthusiastic occasion. Utilize salt scaffolds to associate three recepticles of fluids (clear, red, clear). Apply a voltage and watch the arrangements turn red, white and blue. Energetic Colors Electrolysis Demo Materials 500 mL 1M potassium nitrate, KNO3 (make this)1 mL thymolphthalein marker arrangement (make this)2 mL phenolphthalein solutionapproximately 2 mL 0.1M sodium hydroxide, NaOH (make this)approximately 1 mL 0.1M sulfuric corrosive, H2SO4 (make this)3 250-mL beakers3 8-mm x 200-mm carbon rods25-cm uninsulated 14-ga copper wire10-cm elastic tubing, around 5-mm outside diameter#6 elastic plug, 1-hole2 U-tubes, 100-mm, 13-mm outside diameter4 cotton balls3 20-cm glass blending rodsadjustable DC power flexibly that can produc 1 amp at 10 volts (e.g., car battery charger)clip leads Set up the Red, White, and Blue Demonstration Pour 150 mL of 1.0M KNO3 into every one of the three beakers.Line the measuring utencils up in succession. Spot a carbon cathode in each beaker.Wrap one finish of the copper wire around one the carbon anodes toward the finish of the line. Slip elastic tubing over the copper wire to cover the uncovered wire that will be between the cathodes. Wrap the opposite finish of the copper wire around the third carbon anode, toward the finish of the column of measuring glasses. Skirt the middle carbon bar and be certain no uncovered copper contacts it.Fill the two U-tubes with 1M KNO3 arrangement. Fitting the parts of the bargains with cotton balls. Alter one of the U-cylinders and drape it over the edge of the left and focus measuring glass. The arms of the U-cylinder ought to be inundated in the fluid. Rehash the method with the subsequent U-tube and the inside and right recepticles. There ought not be an air bubble in either U-tube. In the event that there is, expel the cylinder and re-fill it with KNO3 solution.Place a glass mixing bar in each beaker.Make certain the force flexibly is off and afterward associate the positive () terminal to the focal carbon cathode and the negative (- ) terminal to one of the external carbon anodes. Include 1 mL of thymolphthalein answer for the measuring utencil on the privilege and 1 mL of phenolphthalein marker to every one of the other two beakers.Add 1 mL of 0.1M NaOH answer for the center recepticle. Mix the substance of every recepticle. From left to right, the arrangements ought to be: clear, red, clear.These arrangements might be put away in fixed compartments and might be re-used to rehash the exhibition. On the off chance that the hues become black out, more pointer arrangement might be included. Play out the Demonstration Turn on the force gracefully. Modify it to 10 volts.Wait 15 minutes. Mood killer the force flexibly and mix each solution.At this point, the arrangements should now seem red, boring and blue. You may wish to put a white piece of paper or posterboard behind the measuring utencils to show the hues. Additionally, this causes the inside measuring utencil to show up white.You can restore the answers for their unique hues by switching the associations with the force flexibly modifying it to 10 volts, and permitting 20 minutes before killing the force and blending the solutions.Another approach to restore the answers for their unique hues is to add 0.1 M H2SO4 to the containers on the end until the fluids turn vapid. Add 0.1 M NaOH to the center measuring glass until the fluid abandons clear to red. Removal At the point when the exhibition is finished, the arrangements might be flushed down the channel with water. How It Works The compound response in this exhibit is basic electrolysis of water: The shading change is a consequence of the pH move going with electrolysis following up on the pH pointers, which were chosen to create the ideal hues. The anode is situated in the middle measuring utencil, where water is oxidized to deliver oxygen gas. Hydrogen particles are created, diminishing the pH. 2 H2O(l) â†' O2(g) 4 H(aq) 4 e- Cathodes are situated on either side of the anode. In these measuring glasses, water is decreased to frame hydrogen gas: 4 H2O(l) 4 e-â†' 2 H2(g) 4 OH-(aq) The response produces hydroxide particles, which increment the pH. Other Patriotic Chem Demos Red, White and Blue Density ColumnColored Fireworks DemonstrationFireworks in a Glass - Safe Demo for Kids References B. Z. Shakhashiri, 1992, Chemical Demonstrations: A Handbook for Teachers of Chemistry, vol. 4, pp. 170-173.R. C. Weast, Ed., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 66th ed., p. D-148, CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL (1985).

Personal Statement Essay Sample - What Are The Essentials Of Writing An Essay?

Personal Statement Essay Sample - What Are The Essentials Of Writing An Essay?Personal Statement is a part of the college admission essay that needs to be made in order to gain acceptance into a college. There are several sources of samples in this regard. If you are applying for college in California and the application material is in English, then you will find some sample essays in English written by California students.Personal statement samples in English can be obtained from various sources. There are specialized centers in California that offer admission essay samples in English. It is necessary to note that some of these centers specialize in essay samples for the state. There are also numerous books in the markets that offer essays of this kind.When you look for personal statement samples in English, you will find a wide variety of subjects covered in it. It can be about anything related to your academic background. You will find essays that focus on your achievements and as pirations in school and elsewhere.Some of the examples give an insight about the state of your performance in the previous year and this is where the essay samples come into picture. The details in such samples about your performance can guide the admissions board to see the possibility of admitting you. There are several other topics as well, which can be included in the contents of the essay samples.One of the most common academic themes is your familiarity with the English language. Some examples that might be available on the market in English include word challenges where you will need to write a sample essay in English. The other topics may include essays on contemporary literature, problem solving, educational management and so on.Every situation where the topic is outlined differs from the next and this means that the example varies too. The more detail and expertise you show in the sample the better chance you have of getting accepted in the school of your choice.A very imp ortant aspect of personal statement is that it should reflect your aptitude for study. It is not the case that the best essay samples are those that are perfect for all students, but it is the case that the ones that can be used to help students that are of the right academic standing.It is not necessary to take the sample all the way to the level of the teacher. Since there are many good writers who can write essays on their own, it is wise to have the writer create a sample based on their own ability. The sample can serve as a basis for one's own performance and it is hoped that when the student reads the essay the form it has been created to resemble the school and exam board's approval.

Essay on Salem Witch Trials - 1396 Words

Many of the American colonists brought with them from Europe a belief in witches and the devil. During the seventeenth century, people were executed for being witches and follower of Satan. Most of these executions were performed in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. Mostly all of the accused were women, which makes some modern historians believe that the charges of witchcraft were a way of controlling the women who threatened the power of the men. During the witchcraft trials, hundreds of arrests were made, and some were even put to death on Gallow’s Hill (Karlsen 145). In 1698, the villagers of Salem won the right to establish their own Church. They chose the Reverend Samuel Parris as their minister. Many of the villagers were then sorry†¦show more content†¦Magistrates John Hathorne and Jonathan Corwin examined Tituba, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osborne in the meeting house in Salem Village. Tituba confessed. The magistrates told Tituba that Abigail and Betty saw her in thei r visions, and that she pricked and pinched them. It was impossible to tall is she was telling the truth or not, but that was not what mattered, there had been a confession, and that was what mattered (Hill 27). amp;quot;The devil came to me and bid me serve himamp;quot;, she stated in her confession (National Geographic). Over the next few weeks, many other townspeople came forward to testify that they had also been afflicted or seen strange occurrences. As the hunt continued, many different types of people began to be accused. Most of the women accused were those whose economic situations were poor and they had social problems. Also, some had previous records of criminal activity, but still others were faithful churchgoers and people of high standing respect. amp;quot;Be sober, be vigilant; because your adversary the devil, as a roaring lion, walketh about, seeking whom he may devouramp;quot; (1 Peter 5:8). Many of the women who were examined only to see if they would be brought t o trial. Yet mostly everyone examined, went to trial (Hill 42). The Magistrates would often question the accused in such a way that whatever they said,Show MoreRelatedSalem Witch Trials And The Witch Trial1494 Words   |  6 PagesFirst of all, I wanted to talk about what Salem Witch Trial is and who are the persons involve in this event. Salem Witch Trials, according to Encyclopedia Britannica is â€Å"A series of investigations and persecutions that caused 19 convicted â€Å"witches† to be hanged and many other many suspects to be imprisoned in Salem Village in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.† There are many people involve in Salem Witch Trials and I’ll be going to describe their role in this event, followed by the different case studiesRead MoreSalem Witch Trials And The Witch Trial Essay2225 Words   |  9 Pagesaccused of witchcraft in Salem Village, Massachusetts, many more died in jail, and around 200 people total were accused of witchcraft during the Sal em Witch Trials. Records from the event indicate that the Salem Witch Trials started when a group of young girls began acting strange, claiming they had been possessed by the Devil and bewitched by local villagers. The Salem Witch Trials is a much debated event; historians argue over the motivation and causes behind the trials and executions, not overRead MoreThe Trial Of The Salem Witch Trials905 Words   |  4 PagesI. Introduction In January 1692, when a group of juvenile girls began to display bizarre behavior, the tight-knit Puritan community of Salem, Massachusetts couldn’t explain the unusual afflictions and came to a conclusion. Witches had invaded Salem. This was the beginning of a period of mass hysteria known as The Salem Witch Trials. Hundreds of people were falsely accused of witchcraft and many paid the ultimate price of death. Nineteen people were hung, one was pressed to death, and as many asRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials691 Words   |  3 Pageswere the Salem Witch Trials? The Trials happened in 1692 in Puritan Massachusetts, in a town called Salem. Nineteen men and women were hanged on grounds of practicing dark magic and making a pact with Satan (in other words, for being witches). Hundreds of people were imprisoned; several died there. Additionally, one man (of over seventy years!) was crushed to death with heavy stones and the lives of many were irrevocably changed. (Salem Witch Museum) IQ #2- How and why did the Salem WitchRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials1202 Words   |  5 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials were a prime part of American history during the early 17th century. During this time, religion was the prime focus and way of life within colonies. This was especially true for the Puritan way of life. Puritans first came to America in hopes of practicing Christianity their own way, to the purest form. The Puritans were fundamentalists who believed every word transcribed in the Bible by God was to be followed exactly for what it was. The idea of the devil controlling a womanRead MoreThe Trials Of The Salem Witch Trials1866 Words   |  8 Pagessurrounding the cause of the Salem Witch Trials 1692 makes the topic captivating as many historian perspectives offer explanations for the causation of the trials, yet the personal context of each historian has determined its historic reliability. This questions the level of objectivity each historian has in their responses to the Trials. The aims and purposes of a historian, as well as their differing methodologies may alter the approach the have towards the investigation of the Trials. Many interpretationsRead MoreThe Trials Of Salem Witch Trials Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesThe notorious witch trials in Salem began in Spring of 1692. This started after a young group of girls in Salem Village, Massachusetts, professed they were possessed by the devil. These young girls even went as far as accusing some local women of practicing witchcraft. As a frenzy spreaded throughout colonial Massachusetts, a specific court was summoned to hear cases. Bridget Bishop was the first convicted witch and she was hung in that June following her trial. Eighteen other people followed BishopRead MoreThe Trials Of Salem Witch Trials1069 Words   |  5 PagesEven though the Salem witch trials were made to seem formal, they were actually subjective and not based on fact. Since there were multiple people being accused of witchcraft, the trials were short and quick to sentence. The witch trials lasted less than a year. The first arrests were made on March 1, 1692, and the final hanging day was September 22, 1692. The Court of Oyer and Terminer was dissolved in October of 1692. The Salem Witch Trials occurred in the spring of 1692, when a groupRead MoreThe Trials Of The Salem Witch Trials1635 Words   |  7 Pagesovercome was the Salem Witch Trials. The Salem Witch Trials occurred in 1692 and 1693 in colonial Massachusetts. â€Å"More than 200 people were accused of practicing witchcraft – the Devil’s magic – and 20 were executed† as detailed by Jess Blumberg on the web article A Brief History of the Salem Witch Trials (Blumberg 2007). The trials had a major impact on the American society and the effects could be seen in colonial America as well as today. Why did the injustice of the Salam Witch Trials occur and whyRead MoreThe Trials Of The Salem Witch Trials2197 Words   |  9 Pagesestablish colonies based on the word of God. Salem, like many other towns at the time, had little distinction between church and state and focused all aspects of their society on God. (Roach) Due to these conditions, Salem became the site of the largest and most violent witch hunts in America. The significance of the trials comes from the large impact they had on American law. The conditions before, during, and after the Salem Trials were unlike the witch hunts in any other colonies in the New World

Media and Technology Representation - 1236 Words

The movie Where Do We Go Now? by Nadine Labaki had won lots of awards in the Cannes Film Festival (Fares 2). The movie was thought provoking and simply beautiful. The movie was about war torn villages wherein Christians and Muslims are having personal conflicts and are plaguing the whole village at large. The conflict had mixed effect in the whole habitants of the village and the women on the movie are trying to keep off men from each other’s throat. The movie was all about the coexistence of Lebanese Muslim and Christians living in one community. The issue was felt by everyone as it was overtly done. The movie had shown the struggles face by the people in their diverse community. The village was very quiet and far from the noises of the outside world. With only one bridge that connects the place to the outside world, the whole village was very much ancient and considered as very rudimentary. Because it was offset from the outside world, media and technology was slow and almos t non-effective. Television reception was very weak and signal was very poor. The movie had started with young children seeking for a broadcast signal because the town folks have already settled to watch the night shows. However, since the signal reception was bad, the people felt very uncomfortable with the television. The whole community had been divided into Christians and Muslim and their churches are just a house apart. Because of the set-up, there are times that people are not happy living withShow MoreRelatedEvaluating The Medias Representations Of Science And Technology With Focus On Female Scientists3502 Words   |  15 Pagescritically evaluating the medias representations of science and technology with focus on female scientists in Film. In order to set the scene for my case study it’s important to discuss and analyze how science is perceived in the media in relation to gender and what impact its having on society. The representation of women in the fields of science in the media is controversial. My research examines how women scientists are represented film, I’ve decided to use this form of media because film has a hugeRead MorePieter1307 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Whoever controls the media, controls the mind â€Å" Jim Morrison Media Studies Course Outline Media Studies Core Concepts Media Studies Assessment Checklist COURSE OUTLINE â€Å"The media’s the most powerful entity on earth. They have the power to make the innocent guilty and the guilty innocent, and that’s power. Because they control the minds of the masses.† Malcolm X Mass communication to Everyone. Disseminating Information to a wideRead MoreThe Roles Of Latinas On Television1087 Words   |  5 Pagesethnicity and gender, but the variables were developed based on previous research. The results have revealed that there’s a slight change, however, Latinas continue to be underrepresented and negative stereotyped. Introduction The representation of Latinas in Television is far from mirroring the presence of Latinos in the United States. Despite being 17% of the U.S. population (U.S. Census 2017) this fast growing minority group it’s still yet to be seen portraying important roles in televisionRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1560 Words   |  7 Pages society has become more and more dependent on social media. One must realize, while the use of social media in today’s society is a necessity due to the fast-paced environment that has been created, it can never fully replace the value received from personal interaction with others. The short film titled, The Library Book, perfectly illustrates this as the characters within the film learn to assimilate in a society dominated by social media. The actions of each character and their surroundings areRead MoreRepresentation of the Self in Social Media1862 Words   |  7 PagesREPRESENTATION OF THE SELF IN SOCIAL MEDIA The aim of the essay is to discuss modern socio-cultural phenomenon self- representation by ‘ordinary people’ across a range of sites, while most illustration will be directed at Facebook (considering that research has shown that Facebook is one of the most popular social network that college students use on line (Ellison, N., Steinfield, C., Lampe, C. (2007). When social media rose, it paved way for new spaces and ways for virtual identities to be constructedRead MoreFemale Sterotypes in the Media Essay1728 Words   |  7 PagesA major modern problem with the media is the sublimation of, and reaffirmation of, stereotypical female gender roles. â€Å"The media treats women like shit† (Cho). Which is a serious issue because of Marshall McLuhan’s famous words, â€Å"The Medium is the Message† (Warwick). The medium up for discussion is the media, which can be fundamentally defined as the most significant â€Å"single source of information that people have today (Katz). Therefore, in order to understand â€Å"what’s going on in our society† (Katz)Read MoreThe Most Critical Area Of Learning Needs For Students With Autism787 Words   |  4 Pages2010, p. 66). Shepherd et al (2015, p. 1) explored blended digital media integrating video and still images with an audio narration, as a means for students to express their interests. Students with autism from seven different high schools were observed using this multimodal approach. It was found that students were able to combine the different modes and media forms to create blended media and they could justify their media use based on an understanding of modal affordances. Students were ableRead MoreSports Media Essay1063 Words   |  5 PagesIndeed, sports and the media go hand in hand like peanut butter and jelly, like Mickey and Minnie, Darth Vader and Luke. They are intertwined and depend on each other to continue to grow. Sports media includes television, radio, magazines, newspapers, books, films, and, now, most importantly, social media devices provided by the Internet. Sports media has had it advantages and its disadvantages and its truths and falsehoods in the world of sports cu lture. Sports and media have benefited each otherRead MoreReflection Of The Loafe Cafe898 Words   |  4 Pageswhich caused me to realize the amount of connections this course has to everyday life as a student and member of society. In this day and age, our interactions, daily vernacular, and social presence have all been affected and in some ways shaped by media. There was some very fascinating knowledge I was able to gain during this activity that I found extremely important was body language and the physical reactions people had throughout their time there. It spoke volumes to the observations I made relatingRead MoreImpact Of Technology On Children s Development Negatively1667 Words   |  7 PagesIt is a beautiful summer afternoon, children are walking to the park and instead of talking and skipping with their friends, the children’s heads are looking down at their phones unconscious of the world surrounding them. Technology developments have doubled every year, and it will continue to advance in the future. Moore’s Law states that every twelve to eighteen months, computers double their abilities. When graphing exponential growth, the graph eventually reaches a point where growth seems almost

Gender Differences and the Threat of Gender Stereotype in...

Gender differences in education is something of a common topic among educational studies since intensification in the 1970’s (Breakwell, 2003, p. 437). Gender differences among the subjects taught in school has been found to be somewhat more of a social construct rather than a concept that has any kind of scientific explanation because of the idea of gender differences being taken and changed into the idea of a gender stereotype in most parts of education (Crilly, 2013, p. 1). The most common stereotypes that play a role in the gender differences that can be found in education are the ideas that girls are pre-determined for the English Language Arts subject and boys are have more of a proclivity for the mathematical areas in education.†¦show more content†¦1151). Studies have even been found this to be true, but there are more recent studies that are beginning to report that skills related to science and even interest in science does not differ significantly between t he two genders (Bursal, 2013, p. 1151). In Bursal’s article he discusses different studies that were conducted globally on students to see if there was an achievement gap between the genders in the area of science (2013, p. 1152). He concludes that most of these studies on the academic achievement of the two genders had many major limitations because they were â€Å"one-shot research designs,† and there were different measurements used in the samples which allowed for more generalizations to be made, rather than actual measurements (Bursal, 2013, p. 1152). The First International Science Study in 1970-71 and the Second International Science Study in 1983-84, both performed in more than twenty countries, found that boys performed better than girls in the area of science (Bursal, 2013, p. 1152). It has been found that many students who fall behind in science education are the ones that are not interested (Yavuz, 2011, p. 76). In Bursal’s research and study he foun d that to have a more clear understanding of the change in science success and to see if there is a real achievement gap between the genders, that longitudinal studies are neededShow MoreRelatedA Meritocratic Society Essay1405 Words   |  6 Pagesbased on merit rather than gender or background, especially in higher education, is often championed in Australia. (Wheelahan 2016). This freedom to follow a chosen career path allows the individual to achieve success in any field, yet the question has often been asked, why women choose to stay away from often lucrative, in-demand careers from STEM related fields (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics). This persistent gender disparity, particularly in higher education have sparked considerableRead MoreHispanic Gender And Gender Inequality801 Words   |  4 Pagesgirls pursuing a STEM education or career, experience sexism and racism simultaneously. Both forms of stereotypes significantly correlate to their low representation whi ch sets them apart from other women and men. For that reason, the few hispanic women who identify with STEM are immediately at a greater disadvantage; they are discouraged for both their gender and racial background. This problem exists for both genders who are minorities, but the continuing cycle of gender disparities, even forRead MoreWomen s Rights For Women1627 Words   |  7 Pagesundermined the rights for women to obtain a job and education. It was not until the 1920s that women had the right to vote, and it was not until later that women had the opportunity of employment and earn equal pay as men. The battle that women have faced and are still facing today has allowed them to obtain an education and acquire careers alongside men. Although granted these opportunities, women still face problems and are underrepresented in the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics)Read MoreStereotyping : Stereotypes And Stereotyping1494 Words   |  6 PagesStereotyping In Education Stereotyping is when you treat people unfairly just because they have characteristics of a certain group (Merriam Webster Dictionary). In education stereotyping is something you come in touch with every single day, it is so common we don’t even know it is happening. In everyday life Stereotypes are used, they are directed towards ethnicity, gender, and education. â€Å"In ethnicity, we have the ideas that each race is a certain way† (Aronson. The impact of stereotypes). Here areRead MoreBehavioral And Contextual Factors That Affect The Females And Minority Students Career Choices Essay1557 Words   |  7 PagesBesides stereotype threats, there is also a group of behavioral and contextual factors which affect the females and minority students’ career choices. These individual differences affect the adolescent’s potential outcome in STEM. These differences are also supported by two theories which also can explain the results of career choice. First is the theory from Lent, Brown, Hacket (1994,2000) called the social cognitive career theory (SCCT) which emphasizes self-efficacy as well as its link to theRead MoreDisparity Between Males And Women In The Education System1731 Words   |  7 Pages Women in Science, Technology , Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) job industries are clearly a minority group as opposed to males. And each of these statistics above has been used to analyze and raise awareness about the discrepancy between genders within STEM occupations. However, there seems to be lesser research on the education system that feeds into these work opportunities. It is vital to note that the disadvantage for women in STEM starts well before they enter the workforce; it starts whenRead MoreExploring the Formation of â€Å"Perspective Fixedness† Through Established Theories1100 Words   |  5 Pagessupport is the establishment of stereotypes. Research has indicated that people who perceive a system to be unfair desire more structure and tend to engage in stereotyping more (Stapel Noordewier, 2011). This piece of research, then, might explain why victims of stereotyping uphold and reinforce the negative stereotype themselves. Indeed, the research of Beyer (1999) and Mickes and his associa tes (2012) suggests that the level of engagement in using stereotypes to find structure is maintained evenRead MoreStereotype Threat : A Reflection On Teaching And Learning1894 Words   |  8 Pages Part 2: Stereotype threat – A reflection on teaching and learning Firstly, in order to consider stereotype threat, we must first consider what a stereotype is. A stereotype is a widely held view or thought about a particular group of people and in individual cases this may or may not reflect reality. There are so many different stereotypes in the world we live in and unfortunately many of them are negative. For example, a stereotype that some people hold at the moment is that ‘all Muslims are terrorists’Read More MATH, SCIENCE, AND PINK COLLARS: GENDER STEREOTYPING AND ITS EFFECT ON ACADEMIC CHOICES2198 Words   |  9 PagesWhether you want to be a social worker, a chemical engineer, or a teacher, high school and college are the places where you can learn about what you are interested in as well as where you can receive a basic education. High school and college are also the places where gender roles and stereotypes, especially in academics, begin to become glaringly obvious. In high school and especially in college, more of the curriculum is geared towards individual interests than in previous schooling environmentsRead MoreIts A Patriarchal World Analysis1550 Words   |  7 PagesIt’s a Patriarchal World: An Analysis of the Differences in Success Based on Gender Discrimination Globally   Ã‚  Ã‚   Privilege is a word that may be used in a plethora of contexts, one of the least common, however, is the privilege of education and success. Privilege can be defined as an advantage that a person or group holds. A common ideology is that education is a crucial necessity for a successful life, and it can be the deciding factor in one’s attainment of a great career. This ideology is astounding

Blood Cell Essay Research Paper Blood is free essay sample

Blood Cell Essay, Research Paper Blood is composed of cells and fluid, contain many inorganic and organic molecules. Functions of blood could be falls into three classs: conveyance, defence and ordinance, they all have different map. Blood conveyance O and foods and removes waste from the organic structure. It besides conveyances endocrines, which control the organic structure # 8217 ; s organ. Blood defence pathogens such as bacteriums and viruses and it coagulums, which prevents the loss of blood. In regulative maps, blood aids maintain organic structure temperature and the pH organic structure fluids. A molecule cells use in cellular respiration, conveyance O, is called ruddy blood cells. Red blood cells besides known as red blood cells, they are really little. There are about 4 to 6 1000000s of ruddy blood cells in our whole blood. It # 8217 ; s incorporating a respiratory pigment called haemoglobin. It # 8217 ; s carries O and it is red in colour. In ruddy blood cell, it # 8217 ; s contains about 200 million haemoglobin molecules. We will write a custom essay sample on Blood Cell Essay Research Paper Blood is or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If we losing a large sum of haemoglobin in our blood, our blood will go thicker, so so is difficult to pumping to our bosom. All blood cells are produced from root cells with in the ruddy bone marrow. Stem cell, which can split, and bring forthing new cells into specific type of cells. Red blood cells can merely populate for 120 yearss, after that, they will destroyed in the liver and lien and there are about 2 million cells are destroyed per second. Therefore, an equal figure much be produced to maintain the cell count in balance. Peoples who are deficiency of haemoglobin will endure from anaemia. Blood that playing the function of defends is the white blood cell. White blood cells besides known as leucocytes are differ from ruddy blood cells. It # 8217 ; s fight infection, they are more mostly and being lack haemoglobin. White blood cells are came from the root cells in the ruddy bone marrow. They defend us once more st pathogens that have invaded into our organic structure. White blood cells are classified into two leucocytes, which are farinaceous and agranular. Both are environing the karyon. The granules contain enzymes and proteins, which helps the white blood cells to support. There are types of cells in farinaceous are neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils. Neutrophils respond to an infection. Eosinophils known to increase the figure of cells while infection. Basophil is dilates blood vas caused contraction of smooth musculus. Inside Agranular, there are two types of cell, which are Monocytes and lymph cells. Monocytes are responsible for defence to particular pathogens and their toxicant substance. Lymphocytes are in B and T type. B is mark pathogens or devastation. T is destructing any cell that has antigens. Peoples, who have big sums of immature white blood cells, will endure from leukaemia. When a blood vas in the organic structure is breaks into two parts, thrombocytes formed component to set them back together. Produced at a rate of 200 billion a twenty-four hours. Their occupation is involved in the procedure of blood curdling. Functions of plasma proteins are to keep homeostasis. Plasma contains largely H2O and little sum of proteins, which produced by the liver which, occurs in 3 classs: albumis, globulins, and factor I. The plasma proteins helps keep force per unit area, modulate pH and conveyance molecules. The most common system of the blood is ABO system, which are A, B, AB, and O. It is of import to find their ain blood, because whenever that individual have an anti-A with and type A blood, the ruddy blood cell will clip-clop and it will do blood to halt circulating in little blood vas which may do that individual to decease and when we do a blood transfusions, the donor lucifer with the receiver # 8217 ; s blood. This is how the ABO system plants, to find each ain blood.

Comparison Of Trade Rivalries Essays - Trade Policy,

Comparison of Trade Rivalries The German-Great Britain trade rivalry like the U.S.-Japan trade rivalry involved a rising power cutting into the trade of an already dominant trading power. There were several causes of the German-Great Britain trade rivalry according to Hoffman. The first was German's industry's zeal in procuring new contracts and expanding markets. They did this by fulfilling contracts even if they were very small and coneztly trying to stay up with market demand. Second, Germans had a knowledge of languages that the English firms lacked. Third, German industry was aided by their government. In contrast Great Britain did not even supply consular assiezce in helping develop markets in British colonies. Fourth, British trade was hurt by the conservatism of British manufacturers who were unwilling to develop new markets or hold onto those it already possessed. These four factors are just some of the factors that helped German industry grow and rival that of Great Britain. These four factors are all very similar to the Japan-U.S. trade rivalry. Japan like Germany was able to catch up to the U.S. because the U.S. was large and arrogant and refused to believe it could face competition from Japan. Like Britain, U.S. industry believed that they could hold onto markets and would not face competition. British and U.S. industry were startled by the fast rate of growth and industrialization that allowed Germany and Japan to transform themselves quickly into trading rivals. This fast rate of growth also caused friction between both sets of countries. Relations between Germany and Great Britain were damaged as they bickered over markets in particular colonies in Africa . This is similar to the friction between the U.S. and Japan unfair trading practices and closed markets. Both the U.S. and Great Britain in response to losing markets toyed with the idea of economic nationalism and tariffs. As Britain lost markets to Germany many in Britain felt that Britain should adopt tariffs on goods while others known as the free traders believed that a free trade would benefit Britain by creating markets. This split between Tariff Reformers and Free Traders is similar to the split in the U.S. between those in favor of free trade and those opposed to it. Germany's grab for new markets in the 1890's through commercial treaties such as the 1891 treaty with Austria-Hungry is similar to both the United States and Japan's free trade zones with neighboring countries using treaties such as ASEAN and NAFTA. The German-Great Britain trade rivalry is different then the U.S.-Japan trade rivalry because a large sector of Japan's market for selling goods is the United States who it is competing against; this was not true of Germany. Both Britain and Germany were competing for markets outside of both their countries. Also the trade rivalry between Japan and the United States did not involve a fight over colonies. Trade rivalries between rising and dominant powers change little over time. The German-British trade rivalry and the Japan U.S. rivalry were very similar in their causes, effects, and the solutions that both sets of governments used to overcome their trading rival.

Free Essays on Manic Depression

Manic Depression Manic Depression is an illness that involves the body, thoughts and a person’s mood. It is not just a bad mood that will pass with time or something a person can just pull themselves together from and â€Å"get over it†. Manic depression is a disorder suffered by many people and affects the way a person eats, sleeps, how they feel about themselves, and how they think. This disorder cannot be cured without a treatment because it has to do with a person’s chemical makeup and things that have happened in their life. Symptoms of depression include persistent sadness, anxiousness, emptiness, feelings of hopelessness, pessimism, guilt, helplessness, and worthlessness. Also a loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities that were once enjoyed is a common sign a person is depressed. They may be very tired and feel a loss of energy to do everyday routines or could suffer the opposite and not be able to sleep and become extremely restless. Appetite changes and weight loss or weight gain is an example of a physical change along with headaches and chronic pains. Thoughts of death or suicide or suicide attempts are very serious symptoms of depression and the person needs to seek immediate help. Depression is not something you can catch like the cold or the flu. It may run in families, suggesting it is biologically inherited. Additional factors in a person’s life more likely bring on the depression even if it had already been inherited. Stresses in life with work, school, and home are typical causes. In some families depression seems to occur generation after generation and in others a person with no past family history of the disorder could suffer from it. Whether inherited or not, depression is often associated with changes in the brain structure or brain function. Manic depression, which is also known as bipolar disorder, is a certain type of depressi... Free Essays on Manic Depression Free Essays on Manic Depression Manic Depression Manic Depression is an illness that involves the body, thoughts and a person’s mood. It is not just a bad mood that will pass with time or something a person can just pull themselves together from and â€Å"get over it†. Manic depression is a disorder suffered by many people and affects the way a person eats, sleeps, how they feel about themselves, and how they think. This disorder cannot be cured without a treatment because it has to do with a person’s chemical makeup and things that have happened in their life. Symptoms of depression include persistent sadness, anxiousness, emptiness, feelings of hopelessness, pessimism, guilt, helplessness, and worthlessness. Also a loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities that were once enjoyed is a common sign a person is depressed. They may be very tired and feel a loss of energy to do everyday routines or could suffer the opposite and not be able to sleep and become extremely restless. Appetite changes and weight loss or weight gain is an example of a physical change along with headaches and chronic pains. Thoughts of death or suicide or suicide attempts are very serious symptoms of depression and the person needs to seek immediate help. Depression is not something you can catch like the cold or the flu. It may run in families, suggesting it is biologically inherited. Additional factors in a person’s life more likely bring on the depression even if it had already been inherited. Stresses in life with work, school, and home are typical causes. In some families depression seems to occur generation after generation and in others a person with no past family history of the disorder could suffer from it. Whether inherited or not, depression is often associated with changes in the brain structure or brain function. Manic depression, which is also known as bipolar disorder, is a certain type of depressi... Free Essays on Manic Depression I tried to ignore the large sign. It was black with bold white letters that said â€Å"Family Mental Health Services.† I took my anxiety out on the door and pushed past it with unnecessary force. I walked to the front desk and was greeted by a secretary whose smile seemed to know my discomfort all too well. â€Å"Good morning,† I muttered under my breath, trying not to look her directly in the eyes. I felt she would look into me and formulate a diagnosis even before I spoke. I smiled weakly and sat down in an uncomfortable waiting room chair, trying to avoid her as much as the small room would allow. My stomach clenched as I sat down in the uncomfortable waiting room chair. I looked around me at the others, waiting. The number of children there surprised me. I looked them over, one by one, and found myself attempting to name their dysfunctions, just as I thought the secretary would. I wondered if she made a guessing game out of it. After all, she had the ability to check the files to see if she was correct. â€Å"Do I really need to be here?† I asked myself, almost audibly. Then I thought back to the beginning of it all, the beginning of my depression. It was eighth grade and I sat in my mother’s small apartment, thinking about the formal dance that was to be held that night. I was nervous; I had no talent for dancing back then, nor had I ever been to a dance. I glanced at my beautiful dress and my stomach tightened. It seemed to be mocking me. I was overwhelmed by a sense of hesitation. I didn’t have to go; I could just sit there and watch TV by myself all night. No one would miss me. But I had to go; I wasn’t a coward. Suddenly a thought crossed my mind. Mom takes pills for her depression. I could take them, and then I would feel fine! It would all be okay; I could have fun at the dance and not worry. I waited for my mother to go outside for a cigarette, and I went to the medicine cabinet. I looked through the bottles...

Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 18

Annotated Bibliography Example On the other hand, Carriveau is also based at the University of Windsor but in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. This research paper highlights the engineering issues associated with the turbine blades that come as a result of exposure to different conditions, namely, the Nordic, warm-humid, and desert-like environments. These conditions have been found to affect the surface of blades negatively. In addition, there is the threat by insects, which destroy the blades thereby power generation by the windmills (aerodynamic efficiency) is substantially reduced. It is apparent from the literature review by the authors that the current strategies that have been used to combat the inefficiency of the blades have caused a substantial reduction in income. Through their studies, the authors conclude that the perfect intervention would be a single surface engineered coat that would ensure that the destruction of the blades is minimized. The suggested coating is that of silicon-epoxy-based resins. This research paper was published on the Surface & Coatings Technology journal in 2008 depicting the resistance to corrosion by electroless nickel phosphorous (ENP) coatings on glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP), the most common material that is used in the construction of turbine blade, this follows the destruction of the blades by harsh weather conditions as well as other destructive substances. Through the research, the role of ENP coatings was elucidated. The research is focused on improving the efficiency of tapping wind energy. To develop a strategy of enhancing the efficiency and durability of the turbine blades, a uniform ENP coating was placed on each of the GFRP substrate through electroless plating. The amount of phosphorous in the ENP was inversely proportional to micro-porosity and directly proportional to thickness of the ENP coatings. It was therefore established that high content

Business Proposal for Weichert Realtors to Enter the International Term Paper

Business Proposal for Weichert Realtors to Enter the International Market - Term Paper Example As a result, the company has developed a wide array of services, which focuses on providing a high level of convenience to the customers with the process of buying their dream shelters of the future. The company’s broad mix of product and service offerings comprises of the processes of buying, selling, arranging for open houses, mortgage processes. The company, by maintaining a dedicated team of housing experts focuses on the process of providing solutions to mortgage issues, as well as providing housing recommendation and advices to the customers (Weichert.com). Talking about the company’s area of operations, it can be said that the company is currently focused on providing operations to key markets in the United States. The company in all their business related affair handling focuses on the process of giving high importance to their customers. With the passing of time, the real estate company Weichert Realtors has focused on the process of providing high level of cus tomer satisfaction to the consumers. As of today, the company has become a major player in the housing segment and has developed a high level of expertise for representing the best homes in the community. The company through the process of conducting their highly popular home marketing programs has achieved a great deal of success in the process of being able to get identified by the customers in the fastest and quickest manner. Global Real Estate Market The real estate market around the world has been through a tremendous amount of growth phase in the early part of this decade. The growth phased continued till the subprime crisis in the United States in the year 2008 triggered a tremendous global slowdown which led to a significant amount of reduction in the growth rate of this sector all over the world. In an effort to tackle the global recession, banks all over the world increased their lending and interest rates, thereby making large amount commercial loans costlier than before. Also, the companies around the world focused on achieving significant cost reduction, thereby slowing or delaying their large scale investments as well as laying off extra staff from their payrolls for the purpose of attaining sustainable growth rate at that time. However, with the easing of pressures in relation to the global crisis, the real estate market around the world started to regain its luster. Talking in terms of market capitalization, the global real estate industry achieved a growth of over 2.5% and reached a capitalization value of around $544 billion in the year 2011. As of the data gathered in the recent times, Europe dominates the real estate market around the globe, with around 36%, followed closely by America at 35% market share. The real estate market comprises of around 20% of the entire global real estate market, while the rest of world comprises of the remaining 9% (â€Å"Prestige MLS Luxury Real Estate†, 13). Talking in a more specific manner, it can b e said that the there are a wide range of demand based factors that significantly influence the individual real estate demand in various parts of the world. In the cities like Paris and Moscow, the main factor that pushes the demand for the real estate market is the lifestyle and prestige related needs of the masses. In terms of cities of the Asia Pacific region like Singapore, Hong Kong and Mumbai, the demand is triggered in regards to investment needs of the mass

Java-Whitepaper Essay Example for Free

Java-Whitepaper Essay This white paper compares C++/Qt with Java/AWT/Swing for developing large-scale, real-world software with graphical user interfaces. References are made to independent reports that examine various aspects of the two toolsets. 1 A Comparison of Qt and Java 1. What Do We Compare? When selecting an environment for a large software development project, there are many aspects that must be considered. The programming language is one of the most significant aspects, since its choice has considerable impact on what other options are available. For example, in a GUI development project, developers will need a GUI library that provides ready-made user interface components, for example, buttons and menus. Since the selection of the GUI library itself has a large impact on the development of a project, it is not uncommon for the GUI library to be chosen first, with the programming language being determined by the languages for which the library is available. Usually, there is only one language per library. Other software components like database access libraries or communication libraries must also be taken into consideration, but they rarely have such a strong impact on the overall design as the GUI libraries. In this white paper, the objective is to compare the C++/Qt environment with the Java/AWT/Swing environment. In order to do this in the most useful way, we will begin by comparing the programming languages involved, i. e. C++ and Java, and then compare the two GUI libraries, Qt for C++ and AWT/Swing for Java. 2. Comparing C++ and Java When discussing the various benefits and drawbacks of particular programming languages, the debate often degenerates into arguments that are based on personal experience and preference rather than any objective criteria. Personal preferences and experience should be taken into account when selecting a programming language for a project, but because it is subjective, it cannot be considered here. Instead we will look at issues such as programmer-efficiency, runtime-efficiency and memory-efficiency since these can be quantified and have been examined in scientifically conducted research, although we will also incorporate information based on the practical exerience of projects that have been implemented in our own company. 2. 1. Programmer-efficiency Programmer-efficiency describes how efficiently (i. e. how quickly and accurately) a programmer with a given degree of experience and knowledge can implement a certain set of requirements in a particular programming language, including debugging and project setup time. Since developer salaries are one of the primary cost factors for any programming project, programmer-efficiency greatly affects the 2 A Comparison of Qt and Java cost-efficiency of the project. To some extent, programmer-efficiency is also determined by the tools available. The main design goal of Java is increased programmer-efficiency compared to other general-purpose programming languages, rather than increased memory- or runtime-efficiency. Java has several features designed to make it more programmer-efficient. For example, unlike C++ (or C), the programmer does not have to explicitly free (give back) allocated memory resources to the operating system. Freeing unused memory (garbage collection) is handled automatically by the Java runtime system, at the expense of memory- and runtime-efficiency (see below). This liberates the programmer from the burden of keeping track of allocated memory, a tedious task that is a major cause of bugs. This feature alone should significantly increase the programmer-efficiency of Java programmers, compared to C++ (or C) programmers. Research shows that in practice, garbage collection and other Java features, do not have a major influence on the programmer-efficiency. One of the classic software estimation models, Barry Boehm’s CoCoMo1 predicts the cost and schedule of a software project using cost drivers which take into account variables like the general experience of a programmers, the experience with the programming language in question, the targeted reliability of the program, etc. Boehm writes that the amount of effort per source statement was highly independent of the language level. Other research, for example, A method of programming measurement and estimation by C. E. Walston and C. P. Felix of IBM2, points in the same direction. Both the reports cited here pre-date the advent of Java by many years, although they seem to reveal a general principle that the sophistication of a general-purpose programming language has, compared with other aspects, like the experience of the developers, no significant influence on the overall project costs. There is more recent research that explicitly includes Java and which supports this hypothesis. In An empirical comparison of C, C++, Java, Perl, Python, Rexx, and Tcl3, Lutz Prechelt of the University of Karlsruhe, describes an experiment he conducted in which computer science students were assigned a particular design and development task and asked to implement the specification provided in any of the languages C, C++, or Java which they could freely choose according to their personal preferences (the other languages were examined in a different part of the research project). The data gathered shows almost the same results for C++ and Java (with C running third in most aspects). This is also backed up by our own experience: if programmers can choose their favorite programming language (which is usually the one they have most experience of), programmers with the same level of experience (measured for example, in years of programming experience in general) achieve about the same programmer-efficiency. Another interesting aspect that we noted (but which is not yet supported by any formal 3 A Comparison of Qt and Java research) is that less experienced developers seem to achieve somewhat better results with Java, medium-experienced developers achieve about the same results with both programming languages, nd experienced developers achieve better results with C++. These findings could be due to better tools being available for C++; nevertheless this is an aspect that must be taken into account. An interesting way to quantify programmer-efficiency is the Function Point method developed by Capers Jones. Function points are a software metric that only depend on the functionality, not on the implementation. Working from the function points, it is possible to compute the lines of code needed per function point as well as the language level which describes how many function points can be implemented in a certain amount of time. Intriguingly, both the values for the lines of code per function point and the language level are identical for C++ and Java (6 for the language level, compared with C’s 3. 5 and Tcl’s 5, and 53 for the lines of code per function point, compared with C’s 91 and Tcl’s 64). In conclusion: both research and practice contradict the claim that Java programmers achieve a higher programmer-efficiency than C++ programmers. 2. 2. Runtime-efficiency We have seen that Java’s programmer-efficiency appears to be illusory. We will now examine its runtime efficiency. Again, Prechelt provides useful data. The amount of data he provides is huge, but he arrives at the conclusion that a Java program must be expected to run at least 1. 22 times as long as a C/C++ program. Note that he says at least; the average runtime of Java programs is even longer. Our own experience shows that Java programs tend to run about 2-3 times as long than their equivalent C/C++ programs for the same task. Not surprisingly, Java loses even more ground when the tasks are CPU-bound. When it comes to programs with a graphical user interface, the increased latency of Java programs is worse than the runtime performance hit. Usability studies show that users do not care about whether a long running task takes, say, two or three minutes, but they do care when a program does not show an immediate reaction to their interaction, for example when they press a button. These studies show that the limit of what a user accepts before they consider a program to be unresponsive can be as little as 0. 7 seconds. Well return to this issue when we compare graphical user interfaces in Java and C++ programs. An explanation about why Java programs are slower than C++ is in order. C++ programs are compiled by the C++ compiler into a binary format that can be executed directly by the CPU; the whole program execution thus takes place in 4 A Comparison of Qt and Java hardware. (This is an oversimplification since most modern CPUs execute microcode, but this does not affect the issues discussed here. ) On the other hand, the Java compiler compiles the source code into bytecode which is not executed directly by the CPU, but rather by another piece of software, the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The JVM in turn, runs on the CPU. The execution of the bytecode of a Java program does not take place in (fast) hardware, but instead in (much slower) software emulation. Work has been undertaken to develop Just in Time (JIT) compilers to address Java’s runtime efficiency problem, but no universal solution has yet emerged. It is the semi-interpreted nature of Java programs that makes the compile once, run anywhere approach of Java possible in the first place. Once a Java program is compiled into bytecode, it can be executed on any platform which has a JVM. In practice, this is not always the case, because of implementation differences in different JVMs, and because of the necessity to sometimes use native, non-Java code, usually written in C or C++, together with Java programs. But is the use of platform-independent bytecode the right approach for crossplatform applications? With a good cross-platform toolkit like Qt and good compilers on the various platforms, programmers can achieve almost the same by compiling their source code once for each platform: write once, compile everywhere. It can be argued that for this to work, developers need access to all the platforms they want to support, while with Java, in theory at least, developers only need access to one platform running the Java development tools and a JVM. In practice, no responsible software manufacturer will ever certify their software for a platform the software hasnt been tested on, so they would still need access to all the relevant platforms. The question arises why it should be necessary to run the Java Virtual Machine in software; if a program can be implemented in software, it should also be possible to have hardware implement the same unctionality. This is what the Java designers had in mind when they developed the language; they assumed that the performance penalty would disappear as soon as Java CPUs that implement the JVM in hardware would become available. But after five years, such Java CPUs have not become generally available. Java automatically de-allocates (frees) unused memory. The programmer allocates memory, and the JVM keeps track of all the allocated memory blocks and the references to them. As soon as a memory block is no longer referenced, it can be reclaimed. This is done in a process called garbage collection in which the JVM periodically checks all the allocated memory blocks, and removes any which are no longer referred to. Garbage collection is very convenient, but the trade offs are greater memory consumption and slower runtime speed.. With C++, the programmer can (and should) delete blocks of memory as soon as they are no longer required. With Java, blocks are not deleted until the next garbage collection run, and this depends on the implementation on the JVM being used. Prechtelt provides figures which state that on average ( ) and with a confidence of 80%, the Java programs consume at least 32 MB (or 297%) more memory than the C/C++ programs ( ). In addition to the higher memory requirements, the garbage collection process itself requires processing power which is consequently not available to the actual application functionality, leading to slower overall runtimes. Since the garbage collector runs periodically, it can occasionally lead to Java programs freezing for a few seconds. The best JVM implementations keep the occurrence of such freezes to a minimum, but the freezes have not been eliminated entirely. When dealing with external programs and devices, for example, during I/O or when interacting with a database, it is usually desirable to close the file or database connection as soon as it is no longer required. Using C++’s destructors, this happens as soon as the programmer calls delete. In Java, closing may not occur until the next garbage collecting sweep, which at best may tie up resources unnecessarily, and at worst risks the open resources ending up in an inconsistent state. The fact that Java programs keep memory blocks around longer than is strictly necessary is especially problematic for embedded devices where memory is often at a premium. It is no coincidence that there is (at the time of writing) no complete implementation of the Java platform for embedded devices, only partial implementations that implement a subset. The main reason why garbage collection is more expensive than explicit memory management by the programmer is that with the Java scheme, information is lost. In a C++ program, the programmer knows both where their memory blocks are (by storing pointers to them) and knows when they are not needed any longer. In a Java 6 A Comparison of Qt and Java program, the latter information is not available to the JVM (even though it is known to the programmer), and thus the JVM has to manually find unreferenced blocks. A Java programmer can make use of their knowledge of when a memory block is not needed any longer by deleting all references that are still around and triggering garbage collection manually, but this requires as much effort on the part of the programmer as with the explicit memory management in C++, and still the JVM has to look at each block during garbage collection to determine which ones are no longer used. Technically, there is nothing that prevents the implementation and use of garbage collection in C++ programs, and there are commercial programs and libraries available that offer this. But because of the disadvantages mentioned above, few C++ programmers make use of this. The Qt toolkit takes a more efficient approach to easing the memory management task for its programmers: when an object is deleted, all dependant objects are automatically deleted too. Qt’s approach does not interfere with the programmer’s freedom to delete manually when they wish to. Because manual memory management burdens programmers, C and C++ have been accused of being prone to generate unstable, bug-ridden software. Although the danger of producing memory corruption (which typically leads to program crashes) is certainly higher with C and C++, good education, tools and experience can greatly reduce the risks. Memory management can be learned like anything else, and there are a large number of tools available, both commercial and open source, that help programmers ensure that there are no memory errors in the program; for example, Insure++ by Parasoft, Purify by Rational and the open source Electric Fence. C++s flexible memory management system also makes it possible to write custom memory profilers that are adapted to whichever type of application a programmer writes. To sum up this discussion, we have found C++ to provide much better runtime- and memory-efficiency than Java, while having comparable programmer-efficiency. 2. 4. Available libraries and tools The Java platform includes an impressive number of packages that provide hundreds of classes for all kinds of purposes, including graphical user interfaces, security, networking and other tasks. This is certainly an advantage of the Java platform. For each package available on the Java platform, there is at least one corresponding library for C++, although it can be difficult to assemble the various libraries that would be needed for a C++ project and make them all work together correctly. However, this strength of Java is also one of its weaknesses. It becomes increasingly difficult for the individual programmer to find their way through the huge APIs. For any given task, you can be almost certain that somewhere, there is 7 A Comparison of Qt and Java functionality that would accomplish the task or at least help with its implementation. But it can be very difficult to find the right package and the right class. Also, with an increasing number of packages, the size of the Java platform has increased considerably. This has led to subsets e. g. , for embedded systems, but with a subset, the advantage of having everything readily available disappears. As an aside, the size of the Java platform makes it almost impossible for smaller manufacturers to ship a Java system independent from Sun Microsystems, Java’s inventor, and this reduces competition. If Java has an advantage on the side of available libraries, C++ clearly has an advantage when it comes to available tools. Because of the considerable maturity of the C and C++ family of languages, many tools for all aspects of application development have been developed, including: design, debugging, and profiling tools. While there are Java tools appearing all the time, they seldom measure up to their C++ counterparts. This is often even the case with tools with the same functionality coming from the same manufacturer; compare, for example, Rational’s Quantify, a profiler for Java and for C/C++. The most important tool any developer of a compiled language uses, is still the compiler. C++ has the advantage of having compilers that are clearly superior in execution speed. In order to be able to ship their compilers (and other tools) on various platforms, vendors tend to implement their Java tools in Java itself, with all the aforementioned memory and efficiency problems. There are a few Java compilers written in a native language like C (for example, IBM’s Jikes), but these are the exception, and seldom used. 3. Comparing AWT/Swing and Qt So far, we have compared the programming language Java and the programming language C++. But as we discussed at the beginning of this article, the programming language is only one of the aspects to consider in GUI development. We will now compare the packages for GUI development that are shipped with Java, i. e. AWT and Swing, with the cross-platform GUI toolkit, Qt, from the Norwegian supplier, Trolltech. We have confined the comparision on the C++ side to the Qt GUI toolkit, since unlike MFC (Microsoft Foundation Classes) and similar toolkits, This seems to contradict Java’s cross-platform philosophy and may be due to the the initial AWT version being reputedly developed in under fourteen days. Because of these and a number of other problems with the AWT, it has since been augmented by the Swing toolkit. Swing relies on the AWT (and consequently on the native libraries) only for very basic things like creating rectangular windows, handling events and executing primitive drawing operations. Everything else is handled within Swing, including all the drawing of the GUI components. This does away with the problem of applications looking and behaving differently on different platforms. Unfortunately, because Swing is mostly implemented in Java itself, it lacks efficiency. As a result, Swing programs are not only slow when performing computations, but also when drawing and handling the user interface, leading to poor responsiveness. As mentioned earlier, poor responsiveness is one of the things that users are least willing to tolerate in a GUI application. On today’s standard commodity hardware, it is not unusual to be able to watch how a Swing button is redrawn when the mouse is pressed over it. While this situation will surely improve with faster hardware, this does not address the fundamental problem that complex user interfaces developed with Swing are inherently slow. The Qt toolkit follows a similar approach; like Swing, it only relies on the native libraries only for very basic things and handles the drawing of GUI components itself. This brings Qt the same advantages as Swing (for example, applications look and behave the same on different platforms), but since Qt is entirely implemented in C++ and thus compiled to native code; it does not have Swing’s efficiency problems. User interfaces written with Qt are typically very fast; because of Qts smart use of caching techniques, they are sometimes even faster than comparable programs written using only the native libraries. Theoretically, an optimal native program should always be at least as fast as an equivalent optimal Qt program; however, making a native program optimal is much more difficult and requires more programming skills than making a Qt program optimal. Both Qt and Swing employ a styling technique that lets programs display in any one of a number of styles, independent of the platform they are running on. This is possible because both Qt and Swing handle the drawing themselves and can draw GUI elements in whichever style is desired. Qt even ships with a style that emulates the default look-and-feel in Swing programs, along with styles that emulate the 9 A Comparison of Qt and Java Win32 look-and-feel, the Motif look-and-feel, and—in the Macintosh version— the MacOS X Aqua style. 3. 2. Programming Paradigms In Qt and Swing While programming APIs to some extent are a matter of the programmers personal taste, there are some APIs that lend themselves to simple, short, and elegant application code far more readily than others.

South African Development Plan Essay -- Urban Development

South Africa is a country in the continent of Africa, located to the south tip as its name suggests. Colonized by the Dutch in 1994, South Africa is seperated into nine provinces and is bordered to the north by the countries: Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe, to the east: Swaziland and Mozambique, while coined in the south east is the country Lesotho, completely surrounded by the territory of South Africa. South Africa is one of the most diverse places in the world, and has eleven nationally recognized languages, whereas most countries only have one (Rosmarin & Rissik, 2003). The black indigenous population makes up a majority of the country while also harboring other ethnic cultures such as: whites, Greeks, Germans, Italians, and Asians (Rosmarin & Rissik, 2003). South Africa has a mixed economy based on its agriculturally fertile lands, mineral resources and tourist attractions. Though there is political and economic stability, the country is still faced with drawbacks such as unemp loyment, poverty, and the AIDS pandemic (OECD, 2008). A development plan is vital for the economic development and growth of South Africa. In an attempt to create jobs and build a unified South Africa, the government should draw up informed policies, budgets, and influential programs to ensure that no citizen is excluded and thus benefit everybody in the country. Indeed, South Africa has the relevant economic and social resources imperative for the realization of all the demands of industrialization (Bond, 2002). Though seemingly prosperous, the social evils hidden in the country are normally impediments to the growth and success of the nation. Without doubt, much of the success of the country is basically a function of the unknown resources in the c... ...ing in South Africa. Such a plan will be instrumental for fostering unity in the region and may increase participation with other countries. Works Cited Rosmarin, I., & Rissik, D. (2003, January). South africa: Cultures of the world. (2 ed.). New York: Benchmark Books. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2008, July). Economic assessment of south africa. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/58/32/40959551.pdf Bond, P. (2002, August). Unsustainable south africa: Environment development and social protest. London: University of KwaZulu-Natal. African National Congress. (1994). The reconstruction and development programme. Johannesburg: Umanyano Publications. Abbi, A. (2005, June). Culture, education, and development in south africa: Historical and contemporary perspectives. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc.

Management accounting questions

Decision makers are variably constrained by the environmental factors, their education, and mental ability. Besides these, decision makers may be constrained by the deficiencies in the information that Is available to them. Required Elaborate this statement with reference to Information deficiency with regard to Information timeliness, Information accuracy and clarity, Information relevance, and Information aggregation levels.Cite examples to support your points Jam Ltd is a manufacturer of a fertilizer product which is packed in 50 keg bags. The following report for year ended 31st December 2013 based on account analysis classification is availed to you Manufacturing costs Account Nature or Classification Amount in This 000 Direct Materials All variable 360,000 Direct Labor 200,000 Overhead costs: Electricity and water 60% variable 60,000 Managerial salaries 20% variable 1 o,oho Maintenance costs variable Depreciation 0% variable Indirect labor 50% variable 120,000Non manufacturing costs Accounts Administration expenses Marketing expenses 40% variable Depreciation costs 80,000 During the year 2013, Jam Ltd produced 80,000 bags. Management is forecasting sales price for the year 2014 based on 2013 cost data. The following additional data is available for the year 2014 compared to the data for the year 2013 1 . Price for direct materials are expected to increase by 10% 2. Under the terms of labor contract, both direct and indirect labor rates are expected to increase by 0% 3. All depreciation costs are expected to increase by 10% 4.Administration and marketing expenses to increase by 20% 5. Electricity and water, maintenance costs and managerial salaries are not expected to change 6. Jam Ltd expects to produce and sell 96,000 bags of fertilizer in the year 2014 Required (I) Estimates price per kilo of fertilizer in the year 2014 if gross profit margin of 201% is targeted (it) Outline advantages and limitations of cost based pricing technique ) For the year 2014 the following projected company data is made available to you for planning purpose 1.Estimated manufacturing costs when production level is 190,000 units is: fixed costs This 180,500,000 and per unit variable costs This 2,800. This cost behavior is maintained at all levels 2. The annual fixed advertising costs of This 190,000,000 and per unit uniform marketing costs of This 800 at all levels 3. A market survey carried out shows that for a change in privet

The Anchoring Theory Of Lightness Perception - 1950 Words

Word count: 1613 An analytical discussion on the Anchoring Theory of Lightness Perception Gilchrist et al. (1999) Isabel Villafuerte 695563 Melbourne University Abstract The ability to perceive lightness is a key component in completing everyday tasks. However, due to the variations in illumination and context, lightness perception theories fail to fully explain lightness perception for all situations. The anchoring theory of lightness perception (Gilchrist et al., 1999) successfully provides a theory that explains the accurate yet systematic inaccuracies of human lightness perception under vast conditions (Murray,2013). These conditions are governed by frameworks, which are groupings of surfaces that belong to each other more or less as determined by 5 factors; Depth, Orientation, Penumbrae, Junctions and Grouping (Gilchrist et al, 1999). However, as anchoring occurs independently within each framework, other theories have been founded which suggest that the human visual system uses the Gestalt laws of perceptual grouping to group regions into factions, known as frameworks, where all regions in the single framework are expected to be illuminated un iformly (Bressan, 2006). (Words 154) From deciding whether to clean the car to recognising a particular brand, lightness is a key aspect in everyday life. Yet, the process of how humans perceive lightness cannot be understood solely by one theory of lightness perception. Currently, The Anchoring Theory ofShow MoreRelatedStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 Pagessocieties (such as revolution) can help explain different stages in the development of organizational strategies (for example, turnaround as a form of cultural revolution). Physicists descriptions of quantum mechanics and mathematicians theories of chaos may provide insights into how organizations change. And so on. Add to this all the other literatures that are more commonly recognized as relevant to the study of organizations—psychology on human cognition as well as leadership charisma

Sample Assignment of Contract

Sample assignment of contract is a particular document, which allows assigning certain rights and obligations to the individual or a group of people. An accurately issued paper may become a valuable protection of one partner’s rights and responsibilities; it also encourages a fruitful cooperation and helps to avoid various misunderstanding in further partnership. Having a correct sample assignment of contract means being ready to establish an official business relationship, as soon, as it is required. It is necessary to include the certain points to the document in order to cover the most meaningful issues; thus, the contract structure and its basic details formulate a decent template to make an agreement. Assignment of Contract #345 For value received, the undersigned Assignor (Mr. Wells) hereby assigns, transfers and sets over to Mr. Stevenson all rights, title and interest held by the Assignor in and to the following described contract: Mr. Wells assigns Mr. Stevenson his place on the board of directors of the â€Å"Future† travelling agency along with all the following responsibilities, mentioned in the corporate manual â€Å"The Code of Conduct for the â€Å"Future† Employees†. Also, the Assignee receives a direct financial income, taking into account the bonuses and fines, mentioned in the same manual. As one of the board directors, he also receives a right to vote on the boards and staff meeting, and a right to participate in the Annual International Tourism Business Conference â€Å"The benefits of the pro-poor tourism† as a competent board director representing the â€Å"Future† travelling agency. The Assignee takes the post at once the contract is fully signed by both parties and gives the post away on December 31, 2020. Therefore, the Assignee does not have to receive a consent prior of the Assigner’s general approving in any form. The Assignor has a right to call this contract off, in case the Assignee poorly performs the responsibilities assigned, and other competent members of the board directors’ team of â€Å"Future† traveling agency prove this fact. The Assignee does not have a right to refuse of his assigned obligations and rights before December 31, 2020 (if his health is not under a threat); otherwise, he has to pay the fine. The sizes of the fine are determined as the 50% of the received income (without taxes counted) for the period of being a board director. If the Assignee occurs to be not capable of performing the responsibilities assigned for reasons of health, the â€Å"Future† travelling agency is to hold the elections and choose a decent substitute for the post. In the case of Mr. Stevenson’s disease, the â€Å"Future† travelling agency is obliged to provide him with the decent medical treatment and medical insurance to cover all the treatment expenses. Both the Assignor and the Assignee own the copies of this Assignment of Contract and may use it for the purpose of signing another business related documents. July 31st, 2017 Signature Assignor: Mr. Jared Collin Wells Signature Assignee: Mr. Bradley Luke Stevenson

Government Internet Censorship of China - 1195 Words

Government Internet Censorship of China The Internet is also called â€Å"Information superhighway† because of the limitless amount of data that one person can access from it. The fact is not all of us can access the Internet like what it is. There are many roadblocks on the superhighway in form of â€Å"Internet Censorship†. There are several kinds of motivations for censorship. It ranges from keeping children away from undesirable content to a government control of nation’s access of information. In China, the internet censorship is especially strong. According to the study of Chinese Internet censorship by OpenNetInitiative â€Å"China operate the most extensive, technologically sophisticated, and broad-reaching system of Internet filtering in the word†(OpenNetInitiative 2005). In this essay, I want to write about how the â€Å"Internet censorship† working in China and why China government is running such strong regulations controlling internet. Internet has arrived in China since 1994. Because of the importance of the internet for China’s global economic competitiveness, leaders of China had no choice but open this window. This is not the first time China opening itself to the world. Since the policy of â€Å"reform and opening up† began by Deng Xiaoping, China has opened it’s door to foreign trade and investment. At that time, they managed to ensure the rise of new commercial class was not accompanied by political change. One of Deng’s favourite saying was: â€Å"If you open the window forShow MoreRelatedInternet Censorship in China Essay937 Words   |  4 Pagesamong numerous other sites, regularly. The internet is open and uncensored for the most part, other than parental controls. In China, most, if not all of those types of sites are or have been blocked. As in, you could not go to them, unless you found some way around the web filters and firewalls the Chinese government runs in their c ountry. While China defends their practice of internet censorship, based on â€Å"protecting† the people, heavy internet censorship is a block to free speech and impedes economicRead MoreEssay on Censorship in China907 Words   |  4 PagesChina is one of the most controlled countries in the world. The Chinese constitution states that the people of China have freedom of speech, of the press, and of demonstration. However, this article in the constitution also states that the Chinese government has the authority to censor anything in the country when freedom of speech or of press could potentially be harmful to the country. So, in China, you are free to speak, but only about what the government says is okay to talk about. Also, protestingRead MoreThe American Government s Involvements And Influences On The Internet1619 Words   |  7 Pagesinvolvements and influences in the Internet compare to Chinese government? Thesis: The United States’ government had played the most important role of developing Internet, and did a great contribution certainly. However, Chinese government had a very different attitudes with American government for Internet at last century when Internet started developing because of some domestic factors. Later, Chinese government changed its attitudes and behaviors. The Internet began developing so fast and playedRead MoreInternet Censorship Essay1329 Words   |  6 PagesInternet Censorship Used Around The World Some people wonder who came up with the idea of internet censorship. Other people want to know which countries use it. Some ponder over the idea of what really is internet censorship. Internet censorship is controlling what can be viewed, and which sites can be used on the internet. Some things about internet censorship are countries that use it, and who started the idea of it. There are lots of countries that use internet censorship. A few of them are ChinaRead MoreThe Disadvantages Of Censorship In China1459 Words   |  6 Pages Censorship is the suppression or prohibition of any parts of books, films, news, etc. that are considered obscene, politically unacceptable, or a threat to security. There are good reasons why censorship is used, such as some information might have to be censored for the content it might display and which in turn might cause a disturbance in peace. Countries try not abuse the fact they are allowed to do this because they are the ones who create the rules. However, China is abusing this fact andRead MoreNegative Effects Of Internet Censorship791 Words   |  4 PagesInternet censorship is controlling the content that can be viewed on the internet. It is all around us and you may not even realize that you have encountered it, whether it has been at school or work. In school, you are not allowed to access certain websites and sear ch results may be filtered. Schools do this to keep harmful content from the students, but it also limits research. When you are at work, your employer does not want you looking at inappropriate websites or things that may distract youRead MoreGovernments Censoring Internet Content1490 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper explores the pros and cons of government involvement in controlling the content of the Internet. Everyday technology is getting more sophisticated, meaning that nowadays it is easy to explore about a certain issue via online connection and be near the world. In the present, as long as you have Internet connection, you have the ability to have access to all kind of information that is posted on Internet. There is a huge debate whether internet should be regulated or not, and this is exceptedRead MoreChapter 2 Closing Case Essay893 Words   |  4 Pagesstance toward Internet search in China consistent with its mission? Google’s stance toward internet search in China is not consistent with its mission. Google’s mission of making the world’s information universally acceptable and useful are present at Google in China even though they are censoring. The service is still there. Even though the Chinese initially blocked them, they were convinced that the 400 million internet users in the Chinese market needed them and they need China. (Lee, 2014)Read MoreEssay On Breaking Through The Great Firewall1304 Words   |  6 PagesFirewall of China Within the United States, the first amendment, freedom of speech includes the cyber-web. However, the government may try to examine personal information to protect its citizens from planned terroristic activities. Even so, these terrorists are allowed to say whatever they want, but it does not mean it will be ignored and not taken as a literal threat by the government. Throughout other parts the world, however, countries rely on communicating through means of the internet as waysRead MoreThe Censorship Of The Government In The Chinese Government1070 Words   |  5 Pagessuccessful in the country of China by instilling fear in their citizens to follow the communist beliefs and be closed off to democratic societies. The Chinese government has successfully blocked out information such as the Taiwanese Independence and information of about the 1989 killings in Tiananmen Square (Rauhala 2016). They believe that this creates a â€Å"healthy internet† however this policy only impede s free speech. They believe that this creates a â€Å"healthy internet† however this policy only impedes

How to Make a Cup of Tea free essay sample

[pic] â€Å"How to make a cup of tea† Submitted to: Md. Daud Ali Lecturer of English Department of English Submitted by: Ferzana Tanzim Emu Class: Roll no: Section: Date of submission 30. 09. 09 [pic] How to Make a Cup of Tea Many of you out there dont know how to make a cup of tea. I have mastered the art of making a cup of tea. I now share this with you, my loyal reader. First, you need fresh water. Pour out the water in the kettle. Pour in some fresh water. Place the kettle on the stove gets the heat going on till the water is boiled. You will need a teapot, a cup, a strainer, a teaspoon, and your favorite tea. Good tea does not come in tea bags. Good teas are loose and keep in a sealed container tin. I get my tea from Taza. They have the good stuff. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Make a Cup of Tea or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Now here is the tricky part. You need to measure out a heaping teaspoon of tea and put it in the strainer holder. Isnt it amazing that the teaspoon holds exactly the right amount of tea for a cup of tea. If you are making more than one cup of tea, then you should put in one teaspoon per cup. Some people like to use teabags to skip all this, but that would be wrong. Next, you need to warm up your teapot. You want to make sure that the hot water used to brew your tea stays hot. To ensure this, you want to warm up  the teapot with a little hot water before you begin to brew. Just swish it around the teapot for a few seconds and then dump it out. The teapot should feel warm. Now you are ready to put the tea in the pot. Just dump it in. Now pour in the hot water. About a cup more that you are going to drink. The tea is now steeping in the pot. I let mine steep for about a minute. Too long, and the tea will be quite bitter. Use a small strainer to catch the tea leaves before they enter your cup. The cooking is complete. If desired, you can use sugar, zinger, and lemon, among many other variations. You have successful made a cup of tea. All thats left is to sit down and enjoy your tasty tea.

Practica Essay Example

Practica Essay Practica A. Answer the following questions. These answers can be found in the video. 1. Describe the life of Cesar and his family. He has two older sisters a mother and grandmother. One sister is a substitute; the other is in college but only goes on Saturday. Their mother is a pharmacist and Cesar wants to be an electrician. They speak Spanish and there native Mayan Indian language. 2. Why is the market so important in their city? The market is important because it always has food and gives people money, jobs, and helps bring tourist. 3. What is the major craft of Guatemala? -The major craft in Guatemala are things like pottery, sewing and embroidering. 4. What type of school does Cesar attend? What are the courses offered there? He attends a school that’s helps with what you would need to know to get a job. They offer courses to help you get a job to be an electrician, sew and farm. 5. How does Cesar generally spend his time outside of school? When Cesar is not in school h e likes to ride his bike or read and help around the house or even visit his grandmother and pick fruit. 6. What foods do he and his family eat a lot of? He and his family eat a lot of black beans and tortillas. 7. Describe what they do to prepare for Carnival in their city? -To prepare for a carnival they decorate egg shells. B. Where I live it is always pretty humid but rains every now and then, in Chichicastenango it is fry for a while then rains a lot on a row. Where I live we have lots of electricity and running water. Where Cesar lives there is not much electricity only about two light bulbs per house, unless you have the money to pay for more. Where I live we celebrate Easter like in Chichicastenango but we do not usually break egg shells on people’s heads. My goals are different because I would like to travel the world one day and he wants to be an electrician. I think our lifestyles are very different because of our culture background and what we do in our day but we do have some things in common like going to school, riding my bike, reading, and doing homework. We will write a custom essay sample on Practica specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Practica specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Practica specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Ethical Audit Report of Tesco free essay sample

According to Mamoria (2010), business ethics is defined as the businessmans integrity so far as his conduct or behaviour is concerned in all fields of business as well as towards the society and other businesses. Thus, the conduct or behaviour by businessman towards the society or others may have some conflicts and contradictions. The intention of this report is to highlight what and why the incidents happened. The incidents include the employment of illegal workers, price fixing, and poor product quality. All these incidents tend to spoil the corporate’ image of the company and also bring harmful effect to the communities and other stakeholders. So, Tesco took action by compensating to the victims, restructured corporate management system for better performances, and provided training programme and learning course for the employee. The ethical theories applicable to Tesco include Ethics of Justice, Ethics of Duty, and Feminist Ethics, which will also be discussed in this report. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Audit Report of Tesco or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In addition, the organization’s best practices and values such as corporate social responsibility and protecting the environment will also be discussed for the close up of this report. 1. 1 Background of Tesco Tesco, one of the largest retailers in the world started its business in 1919. The Founder, Jack Cohen started a grocery stall in East End of London. He made a profit of ? 1 from sales of ? 4 on his first day. After 5 years, in 1924. Mr. Cohen bought a shipment of tea from Mr. T. E. Stockwell where the â€Å"Tesco† brand first appearance. Tesco expanded its business to petrol station in 1974, and became the UK’s largest independent petrol retailer. It generated a total sales topped ? 1bn and doubled up to ? 2bn in 1982. In order to overtake the UK’s leading grocer in 1990, Tesco made an aggressive marketing campaign to open more stores to gain its businesses. In 2000, Tesco continued to expand its business by product range from clothes to electrical and personal finance products when Tesco. com was launched (www. telegraph. co. uk). For more detail on its corporate background, kindly refer to Appendix I. 2. 0 Ethical Dilemmas Ethics in general and ethics in business are very intimate to one another. Therefore ones personal ethics cannot be completely separated from ones business or organizational ethics. If you are a man of principles, then you are more inclined to insist on high moral standards in your business and organizations (Gavai, 2010). No matter how strong the corporate policy and system, ethical dilemmas still exist as everyone is looking for their own interest. Tesco, one of the biggest retailers in worldwide also faces the same problems such as illegal workers, price fixing and poor product quality. . 1 Illegal Workers Tesco was caught for hiring 30 illegal workers who were foreign students at one of its warehouses. These students were from 11 different nationalities; mostly Bangladeshi and Indian origins were alleged for working up to 3? times longer than their allowed working hour in visa permit (www. visabureau. com). They worked as much as 50 hours extra than the allowed hours of 20 hours per week. This incident happened after the UK border Agency enforcement team visited their factory on July 2012 in Croydon (www. immigrationmatters. co. uk). The retailer took responsibilities by giving corporation to the investigation as they insisted they did not condone illegal working (www. telegraph. co. uk). Anyhow, employees were considered the victims in this incident as they had not been protected by the company’s employment rules, where they were forced to work for extra hours. They faced big losses such as inability to further education and having a work-life balance. Employer did not protect for employee welfare, they abused employee right to work extra which prompted to product high productivity, maximize the profit margin by saving cost of employee salary. Supplier played a key role in this scenario, as it was the only party to transform information between the employers and the employee while in the process of recruitment. In fact, there was wrong information sending either to the employer or the employee. 2. 2 Price Fixing Tesco was accused in the scandal of the pricing fixing on its dairy products such as cheese and milk. The consumers from the Office of Fair Trading in UK reported that Tesco had charged them an additional of approximately ? 270M between years 2002-2003. The huge amount was accumulated from 3 pence extra for a pint of milk, 15 penny extra for each quarter-pound of butter and the same amount per half-pound of cheese for every single purchased together with another 8 firms were implicated in the collusion (www. dailymail. co. uk). They were caught by breaching the competition act in synchronising the increased price with other competitors for certain dairy products. However, Tesco’s competitors had admitted and OFT had been given discount on the fined amount as they had given cooperation in the investigation. When the corporations did not practice fair competition which comply with the competition law, consumers were the victims because they did not protect in fair trading. This is clearly a strong violation of consumers’ rights (www. savistamagazine. com). Shareholders in the corporations basically earned extra profits in this scenario. Whereas, this practices was not encouraged as they must obey the corporate law which was stated in the Corporate Governance. Government department plays a key role in this embarrass scenario; their intention was to protect the consumers. Their penalty towards the corporations sent a clear signal to them not to violate consumers’ rights. In fact, families in UK suffering big loss of expensed extra for the daily goods in unknowingly. They should be protected under the fair trading policy which ensured them to trade in worthiness. 2. 3 Poor Product Quality Tesco also received a punishment from the Bracknell Magistrate Court for selling 127 outdated foods in the Martins Heron branch on May 2011. The foods included beef-burgers, ham and chocolate cheesecake. This incident happened when a girl fell sick after consuming chargrilled chicken pasta salad. This prompted Bracknell Forest Trading Standards officers to investigate the matter after receiving the complaint. The officers found that the foods had expired for 16 days during a visit to the store (www. getreading. co. uk). Trading Standards officers commented this matter as the â€Å"worst case of out-of- date product† that they had ever seen (www. mirror. co. uk). The irresponsible behavior acted by the management of Tesco was strongly affected to the public health. It also brought suffer to the consumers from physically and mentality. The shareholders were also facing lost when the management was careless in managing the stocks. Besides the above, Tesco was discovered for selling 100 expired food products which included yoghurts, fruit smoothies, soup, gravy, vegetable pakoras, packaged salad, pasta bowls, samosa and bhaji snack packs and guacomole dip. These items were past their sell-by-dated of between 1 to 17 days. The occurrence was engaged by a manager who had 20 years experience but his first time to manage the largest store chain, Tesco Extra. Shoppers had complaint about the poor problems to the Coventry City Council and the trading standards officers had proven the issues after their raids at the branch in Gielgud Way, Walsgrave in November 2009 (www. oventrytelegraph. net) 3. 0 Actions taken to solve these dilemmas According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary, dilemmas are situations or problems where a person has to make a difficult choice; an ethical dilemma is a problem where a person has to choose between a moral and an immoral act (smallbusiness. chron. com). Dilemma occurrences in the workplace are common and action taken to solve them is very important, whereas theory of ethics can be applied as guidelines which may bring the moral decision. 3. 1 Reinforce in recruitment and management system Tesco was fined for a total of ? 15,000 by UK Border Agency (UKBA) for 23 students, of various nationalities who had breached the visa working terms (www. telegraph. co. uk). UKBA was reflecting UK government’s intention into act which has promised to overwhelm on visa abuse. The 23 individuals were not permitted to enter UK again (www. visabureau. com). The Britain’s biggest supermarket had ensured that the incident in this nature will never happen again. One of the executive had been laid off after the lacklustre performance (www. telegraph. co. uk). Tesco was a founder member of Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI). They searched employee with high standard by applying the ETI base code which included; no exploitation of child labour, working hours not exceeding (20 hours per week for foreign workers) and regular employment is provided (www. tesco. ie). However, the government had carried out a good job by taking serious action against any employers who had breached the visa working terms. After the fined it brought a â€Å"warning† to the competitors and simultaneously as a reminder to them to have good ethical practice while in competition. Nobody is allowed to breach the rules in order to obtain success in competition. In addition, after UKBA taken action against the employer, the rest employees will enjoy the benefits which to work in regularly, fair treated, feel protected and concerned by the government. Employer was ensured that the management system been improved after laid off an employee who made mistake. Employer was informed to put employee’s welfares as priority. 3. 2 Defending the rights Tesco was slapped with the fined of ? 10m for price-fixing of its dairy products by the Office of Fair Trading (OFT) in 2011 after seven years of investigation. However, they threatened to fight back by taking legal action against OFT to defend themselves. The company claimed they were â€Å"surprised and dismayed† with the fined and strongly denied with any collusion in changing pricing detail with each other via the dairy processors. Tesco stand at its point vigorously and throughout the court. However, it had urged the government to deprive OFT of its power to investigate and punish firms under the competition act (www. mirror. co. uk). The intention of OFT was to alert the industries that the competition laws was enforced in ensuring the shopper in a fair trade condition. Hence, after the punishments were sent, it was ensure that the competition was maintained under the competition laws. Furthermore, competitors were only able to divulge information to each other via dairy suppliers. Suppliers were also not been honest in this incident. Suppliers did not bear responsibility of providing high quality products with reasonable prices where the consumers are able enjoy the benefits. Thus, suppliers being fined by the OFT were considered reasonable. No matter how the employer wanted to fight back with OFT, they had to pay the fine and settled it in the fastest way where to stop any embarrassing matters to affect their sales figure. At the same time, the costly and time consuming case might affect the expense of both taxpayer and business as well. So the fine paid has benefitted the consumers which bring fairness of their trading. 3. 3 Compensations After Tesco had admitted selling of outdated food, it was fined by the Bracknell Magistate Court for ? 12,000, and ? 15,000 in legal fees and a ? 15 victim surcharge. The Charges were related to 88 types of food which were put on shelves for sales. Tesco had to bear for the penalty as they knew that selling of out-date-food brought harm to the public health (www. tutorcare. o. uk). In order not to repeat their mistake, they were reinforced through staff training at the Bracknell store to ensure all the processes undergone strict quality control and the procedures were complied. Customers are the cause and purpose of every business. A business is supposed to serve them satisfactorily (Gavai, 2010). According to Tesco Corporate responsibility, they were running local s upplier programme for the purpose of getting fresh and quality products. Therefore, the company had to enforce the programme to ensure it was running smoothly and the supplier complied with it. Employers had to bear the responsibility for the incident where there was serious problem in the management. The accused significantly spoiled the corporate image and reputation which cause the sales figure to drop. However, the employers had made a right decision for admitting the mistake and paid compensation. It significantly showed that Tesco was applying the Ethics of Justice. According to Plato (2010), justice is an order and a beauty of the parts of a whole. Justice is effective coordination. It is an effective harmony of the whole. Ethics of justice can be defined as what is right and what is wrong in clear and precision. It was related to the notion of fairness. When a person is been treated unequally or deprived from what he deserved, then he was treated with injustice. Tesco realized that treating someone injustice was an immoral action, so they pledged guilty and paid fined which tend to bring fairness to the consumers as to determine this action on the criterion of rightness, which is one of the concepts in Ethics of Justice as well. Furthermore, Tesco was fined for ? 33,400 for 43 charges of selling 100 out-of-date foods at a hearing in Coventry Magistrates Court and a further of 94 charges after considering their sentenced. However, some shareholders of Tesco were present in court to show their seriousness of this matter and their concern on the case. They pledged guilty on the charges and their managers were laid off and two other employees were being disciplined (www. lacors. gov. uk). Employees had th e responsibility to carry out their job by following the corporate system. Some of the mistakes were not being tolerated and it has brought harm to the public health. The Coventry council was pleased with the results as the sentenced brought a warning to other competitors in the same industry that the government had stand at their point for the communities was appreciated. 4. 0 Best Practices and Values According to Donald, White and Bedner (2010), value is a concept of the desirable, an internalized criterion or standard of evaluation a person possesses. Such concepts and standards are relatively few and determine or guide an individuals evaluation of many objects encountered in everyday life. Values are tinged with moral flavour involving an individuals judgement of what is good, right or desirable. Tesco has practiced several communities’ works as a return to the society and tried to deliver values to them. Corporate social responsibility is in the interest of business because, by contributing to social change, it can create a better environment for its own transactions, thereby developing business while being socially responsibly (Rendtorff and Dahl, 2009). 4. 1 Communities Works Tesco plays a vital role in the local communities by supporting them actively without preconditions. They wanted to have a good relationship with the communities in which they operated. The fundamental condition that Tesco can provide to the communities is providing good quality, affordable foods and goods, and offering job to the unemployment. Besides that, they are listening and responding to the local communities for their needs and values, carrying out the issues that matter to them positively, and improve the local area by providing lasting contributions. They regularly set up a new store in the area where the retailers or businesses had been neglected. Tesco also launched a Regeneration Partnership Programs in UK where Tesco was proud as this prompted to providing job opportunities to the long term unemployment. In May 2012, they had their first launched store under the regeneration program in Hungary at Debrecen. Hiring 100 unemployed and providing 42 with courses organized by Regional Labour Centre helped them to readjust in their routine of daily work. Tesco also gathered the local communities in a centre point for them to interact. In Turkey, Tesco Kipa Family Club offered Cooking class, Dancing class, chess and learning English Class to their 60,000 members. In addition, Tesco had over 100 schools of Extended Class in South Korea to let the customers and families to attend Arts and English Class. Presently, Tesco had over 750 communities champion working into the communities which communicated with the communities effectively. They were organizing activities such as Healthy Eating to the primary school and local school children, charity event by collection or bag packing, and also asking the staff and customers to join the events like Race for Life (www. tescoplc. com). Without doubt, values to the communities such as responsibility, accountability, concern and unity had contributed absolutely by Tesco. â€Å"Value† so understood is a very broad category. It includes all sorts of things, from personal desire like health or a sense of humor to social ideals like wealth or liberty (Weston, 2010). They are responsible to the communities by giving them quality product in affordable prices. In addition, they were giving values of accountability by organizing learning class for the communities to gain their knowledge and interests. Tesco is also concerned about the communities of the unemployment, giving priority to the unemployed for job opportunities which also gave them better future and better life. Unity of the communities is very important in local area, Tesco provided a platform for the communities to communicate, interact and work together. They looked forward that every business and store were valued by the communities as they were trying hard to give interest to the communities. Tesco contributed a lot of times and fund to the community works. This demonstrates the application of Ethics of Duty. According to Kant (2010), a duty is obligatory and one has to do his duty regardless of any situation. Most of the time duty implies an action that one is expected to do as a part of society which may be neither for self-satisfaction nor for immediate happiness. Tesco knew what their prime duty to the communities was. Having a good thought is not enough but must in action. An action with potential concern showed their responsibility to the communities. 4. 2 Protecting Environment Protecting the environment is one of the important missions set by Tesco. The only way to deal with it was reducing the impact on the environment, including water and energy usage. All the suppliers have to follow the program with Tesco by reducing carbon footprint on the product and manage the water usage in all the store chain. The mission to be achieved is to become a zero-carbon business by 2050. Achieving a mission is not only in planning but practice. Tesco has converted over 100 stores to natural refrigeration across the corporate. The project in Kenya for the Lake Naivasha water stewardship helped to reduce water pollution and raised the water levels, replace transportation from lorries to rail transport which saved 15,000 tonnes of CO2e per year. Tesco had also collaborated with Unilever to create awareness amongst customers of sustainable product choices; more than 10,000 customers were advised to reduce their water footprint in Turkey. Tesco practiced by reducing in packaging and minimizing waste in their dairy operation which helped to reduce the impact on the environment. Reducing waste was the priority plan for Tesco. They used a market-leading store ordering system which helped to predict what each store chain will sell, this minimized waste of food accurately before it reached their customers. The programmes of minimizing the store’s operational waste started running since 2009 throughout the world’s store chain. They did not send any wastage from the UK store to the landfill. If the wasted were unable to recycle then it will be converted into other sources of energy. In China, cardboard and wasted oil in the stores had been fully recycled. In Poland, in order to increase the rate of recycling, they have conducted an audit of waste segregation in stores. In Malaysia, they encouraged the employees to recycle by launching a weekly league table to record who recycled the most. In US, they sent their waste food to the food bank for those who needed to reduce the wastage. And lastly in Slovakia, they donated the waste food the Hunter’s association for feeding animals. The materials used for product packing were the lightest weight and sustainable and also gave opportunities for recycling. Since 2007, Tesco have reduced the packaging of own-brand product more than 15% in UK, which included cutting glass usage by 420 tonnes annually when producing their own label Champagne. They also changed traditional packaging of toys to new packaging reduction technique that brought 15% reduction. In UK, Tesco also has commitments with WRAP’s Courtauld 2 (Waste and Resource Action Programme) to reduce the packaging waste by 2012. The commitments included the reduction of weight, recycled content of grocery packaging to be increased, rates of recycling to be increased, and carbon impact to be lowered by 10%, reduction of 4% for the UK household food and drink, and reduction of 5% for the products and packaging waste in the supply chains (www. tescoplc. com). Caring for the environment brings value of duty, love, hope, and comfort. Tesco has carried out their duty towards the society by committing on wastage reduction. All the resources taken from the earth and environment were fully utilized and the balances were recycled. This duty is belonging to everyone; therefore Tesco has taken it into priority. Tesco also showed the values of love. In terms of loving the earth, loving the environment, and loving each others in the world by saving the resources such as water. Human being is unable to live without water. Tesco knew the seriousness so they ran several programmes on reducing the usage of water. Tesco is giving Hope to the society as well, saving resources in order to prevent resources shortage, and climate changing. Value of hope is generating with these practices to the people. Living in harmony and secure which may concern for the next generation as well. With the clean environment, the values of comfort arise and the people can feel that they are living in a peaceful world. This is the main objective achieved by Tesco. A comfort lifestyle may bring positive thinking to the people, staying with tolerance and forgiveness. Tesco has significantly practiced ethical theory of right for the programme. According to William Sbaw (2010), a right is an entitlement to act or have other acts in a certain way. Everyone has a right in doing certain action and simultaneously expecting others not to deprive its right. However, others also possess a right to disagree to the action, but they cannot dismiss it. Tesco promoted the protecting environment programme and has prompted to let the communities knew that they had the right to live harmony. Right and Duty are correlated as that our prime duty is to protect the rights of people (Gavai, 2010). Tesco has the duty of giving fairness to the society and the communities have the right to enjoy the fair treatment. 5. Conclusion Business ethics is important for a corporate because it brings significant benefits and advantages. Corporation with good business ethics prompt to have good image and reputation in the market, which assist to create market awareness and promote sales easily. Furthermore, a corporation best practice such as corporate social responsibility is also very crucial which to protect the employees and communities’ welfare, c orporation may enjoy benefits for itself also because a good corporate social responsibility may create loyalty of an employee. A loyal and committted employee will stay with the corporation constantly and increase productivity, which can reduce labour turnover as well. Whereas, Tesco, as one of the biggest retailers in the world, which cover business internationally (refer Appendix II for International business Chart), they realize the importance of these and working hard to practice good ethical behavior, create value for the communities and providing moral decision to settle the ethical dilemma to ensure the stakeholder and communities can enjoy the benefits.